摘要:

In 10 patients with airway obstruction, spirographic indices and maximal expiratory flow rates were measured before inhalation of fenoterol and at different time intervals, for 5 h, following the inhalation of 200 μg of this substance. 10 min after inhalation of fenoterol, there was a statistically significant increase in all lung function indices. A further increase was observed later. 3 h after inhalation of fenoterol, all indices were still significantly higher than control values. No side effects were observed. At all time intervals, the increase of the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1•0), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and maximal expiratory flow rate at 50 and 75% of the vital capacity reached a similar level of statistical significance. It is concluded that for the trial of the bronchodilator drugs, any of these indices may be used, and for practical purposes FEV1•0 and PEFR are best su

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193682

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new method for objective assessment of cough under normal or pathological conditions is described. Thoracic coughing can be discriminated from any other pressure wave because of its relatively high frequency. This method was applied in a double blind crossover trial in 18 patients with respiratory disease.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An occupational type exposure-test to toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) for the diagnosis of specific respiratory sensitization is proposed. The subjects were tested by exposure to a two-pot polyurethane varnish with and without TDI activator, using a paint-spraying system under standard and controlled conditions, so as not to exceed the threshold limit value of TDI. Forced expiratory volume per second and specific airway resistance (plethysmographic method) were measured before each exposure and during the following 24 h. 47 subjects with clinical symptoms of asthma were examined during their hospital care. For the purpose of this study they were divided into two groups: 42 workers exposed to TDI and 5 not exposed. The preliminary control test, using polyurethane varnish without TDI activator, was always negative and no significant changes in ventilatory parameters were recorded. The spray-painting test, with the same varnish and TDI activator, gave positive responses in 35 out of the 42 exposed workers and negative findings in the group not exposed. This method permits to formulate an accurate diagnosis of TDI respiratory sensitization in the majority of cases (83%). Immediate asthmatic reactions were frequently observed in the exposed subjects with high acetylcholine reactivity. Ten subjects showed a late bronchial reaction (3 h or more after TDI exposure).

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193684

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ventilatory work of breathing is defined as a variable referring to the mechanics of the breathing function of the lung, ascertainable from the alveolar pressure-breathing volume diagram. Information on the resistance of the respiratory canal can be obtained. The ventilatory respiration of 93 healthy persons at spontaneous resting breath frequency (15 ± 3 min) was investigated, with the aid of a body plethysmograph. A mean value of 2.21 g·cm/ml (s = 0.92) was obtained. A dependence on age and sex could not be statistically proved. The value of 4.0 g•cm/ml (= 2 s) is discussed as a limit to a pathological increase. With a rise in breath volume, relative weight and also, marginally, the spontaneous resting breath frequency, a significant increase of ventilatory work of breathing in normal persons must be anticipated. A so-called index of ventilatory work of breathing (breath volume/alveolar pressure changes under defined conditions) correlates significantly with ventilatory work of breathing and can thus be regarded as an orientating value for the resistance of the respiratory canal. Its mean value amounts to 3.10 cm/cm, with a SD of 1

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193685

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Subcutaneously injected Freund’s adjuvant caused a fibrosing alveolitis in guinea pigs. This model served to compare biochemical and morphological parameters. The phospholipids were quantitatively extracted from lung tissue, separated and estimated. The fatty acid composition of lecithin was analysed. We observed a correlation between the histologic alterations and the content of phospholipids. A constantly higher phospholipid content was measured in the affected lungs in comparison to the normal ones; however, the composition of the phospholipids changed. The close correlation between the course of the inflammation and the biochemical pattern seems to indicate a function-correlated control of lung metabolis

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193686

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 30 unselected male patients, bronchoscopic aspect and lung function parameters (notch in FEV1, FEV1/FIV1%, discrepancy between airways resistance and FEV1; club-shaped resistance curves) were correlated to determine the validity of lung function in the diagnosis of a central bronchial collapse. There were no strong correlations; only the club-shaped resistance curve and FEV1/FIV1% < 60 were a little more often seen in the presence of central bronchial collapse. It is concluded from these results, and with regard to the known results from bronchial pressure measurements, that the functional parameters mentioned above are good indicators of a flaccid tracheobronchial system but not typical for a central bronchial collapse alone. Additional methods (bronchoscopy, bronchial pressure measurements) are needed to locate the major pressure drop and to select the adequate therapy (conservative in the case of pure peripheral or most mixed situations, chirurgical in special cases with pure central bronchial collapse). The reactions of a collapsible tracheobronchial system to bronchodilating drugs are described and their help in location of the major pressure drop is discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The blood oxygen tension (PaO2) was measured using a Clark-type microelectrode on ‘arterialised’ capillary blood samples obtained from 74 sitting subjects; these were asymptomatic and spirographically normal men aged 42–63 (average 53.7) years. The mean PaO2 of smokers (83.8 ± 6.0 mm Hg) was slightly, non-significantly lower as compared to non-smokers (85.5 ± 4.9 mm Hg). The trend towards lower mean values with increase in current cigarette consumption or amount smoked in life did not result in significant differences between smoker sub-groups. The lower normal limit for the whole group was 73.3 and the average PaO2 85.3 mm Hg. Though no significant influence of tobacco use could be demonstrated, the histogram of specific subjects shows a bi-modal distribution in smokers, suggesting the existence of a sub-group (about one third of the smokers) who tend to have lower PaO2s, possibly as a consequence of sub-clinical ‘small airway

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The object of this study was to see if the blood level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased under acute hypoxic stress in human beings and rats. Soldiers who had been stationed at high altitudes 2–7 months prior to study were selected. 17 had suffered from pulmonary oedema and the remaining eight, who had not developed the condition, acted as controls. The technique of Yuwiler [18] with suitable modifications was used for estimation of 5-HT. No significant change in 5-HT levels was observed either in subjects or controls. Rats exposed to simulated high altitude for 6 h also did not show any significant change in blood 5-HT level

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193689

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Different species of animals (warm-blooded, poikilotherms and coldblooded) were exposed to oxygen high pressure (OHP) (1–4 ata) for 2–8 h. OHP revealed (a) a different vulnerability in various species; (b) an inverse correlation between basal oxygen consumption and their vulnerability; (c) the critical point of the toxic effect of OHP in normothermia was an exposition time of 2 h with 2 ata OHP; (d) morphological changes of lung, CNS and vessels – intense folding of alveolar septa with cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy; (e) electron-microscopical demonstration of damaged endothelial cells with total or partial occlusion of the capill

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193690

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193691

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger