摘要:

Total airways resistance was measured during panting and quiet breathing in 30 subjects with chronic bronchitis. High correlations were found between the measurements, particularly in inspiration (r = 0.925). In most patients, resistance fell slightly during panting, by a mean of 13.7 % in inspiration, and by 8.2 % in expiration. This was largely independent of thoracic gas volume differences, as the mean specific airways conductance rose significantly during panting in both inspiration (p < 0.01) and in expiration (p < 0.0125). Changes of upper airways resistance may have contributed to this difference, particularly when the flow rates had increased during panting. It is probable, however, that the decreases of total airways resistance were also related to the reduced effective resistance of the lower airways, under the influence of rapid breathing frequencies upon lungs affected by unequal time constants. This suggests that in patients with lung disease, airways resistance would be more accurately reflected by measurements taken during normal breathing than during panting

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In case of ideal, harmonic breathing, the impedance of the lung and the power (or work) absorbed by it are expressed as a mathematical complex term, the real part of which involves the irre- versible conversion and the imaginary part of which involves the re- versible conversion of mechanical energy. Real part and imaginary part form the coordinates of the complex vector under an angle of direction indicating the phase difference between pressure and flow. The setting-up of models permits the calculation of impedance from the breathing-mechanical factors. The variation of the factors due to pathological changes is represented by locus diagrams in the complex plane. The experimental determination of the impedance and of the power (or work) is done by means of closed diagrams of the pressure/flow and the pressure/volume function, viz. from the inclinations of their diameters and from their areas. The real, not harmonic breathing means no limitation to the definition of power (or work), but it does so for the impedance which is then no more a constant. It is possible to define either a mean impedance related to the breathing cycle or a differential impedance, although only hypothetical, related to the breathing phase

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 144 parallel measurements of nasal resistance from 50 normal persons, a good conformity betweenbody plethysmographic and posterior rhinomanometricmethod could be demonstrated (r = 0.90). In contrast, the anterior variant of rhinomanometry was not reliableenough. Theoretical objections against the body plethysmographic ‘subtraction principle’ are disproved by this s

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Normal values for spirometric tests of pulmonary ventilatory functions in North Indian males are reported. A significant relationship is observed with age or height or both for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume, one second (FEV1.0), FEV1.0/FVC, %, and maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMF). Significant prediction formulae could not be derived for maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and maximal expiratory flow rate (MEFR). The reasons for these two spirometric tests being unsuitable for pulmonary function evaluation have been discussed. A comparison has been made with the values reported for the people of European descent, and the South Indian males. Indians tend to have a lower vital capacity and it is lower in South Indians than in North Indians. Ethnic variations should be taken into account when evaluating pulmonary ventilatory function tests

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

276 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis were grouped according to the NationalTuberculosis classification as far advanced, moderately advanced and minimal pulmonary tuberculosis and were subdivided further into uncomplicated tuberculosis and TBC complicated with other diseases. The VC, FEV1; and DLCOss2 were determined in all the patients, their reduction in these parameters depended on the extent of the pulmonary tuberculosis and the physiological abnormalities were more marked in the presence of diseases complicating tuberculosis. Diffuse airway obstruction (OD) was present in many of our patients, and its severity depended on the extent of the pulmonary tuberculosis, thus it can be concluded that OD is a frequent finding in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. The best correlation was between the decrease of the VC and the reduction in DLCOss2 thus indicating that the restrictive disease was the most important factor in the reduction in the DLCOss2· Serial studies demonstrated that treatment improved pulmonary functio

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Effects of breathing oxygen-enriched air (FIo2 — 0.50) on pulmonary haemodynamics during exercise have been studied in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis and in 10 healthy subjects. Effects of repeated exercise have been studied in 10 other patients with chronic bronchitis. All the subjects have performed two exercise periods (40 W, mean oxygen uptake = 500 ml/min/m2) separated by a resting period of 10 min. In the group of 20 patients with chronic bronchitis, the first exercise period was performed either in hyperoxia or in normoxia (randomisation) in order to dissociate effects of hyperoxia from those of repeated exercise. During hyperoxia, the exercise PAPof the patients with chronic bronchitis decreases significantly from 45.2±21.7 to 40.0±17.9 mmHg (p<0.01); the cardiac index is unchanged. This decrease is well correlated with the magnitude of the exercise PAPin normoxia (p<0.001), but is not correlated with the exercise Pao2 nor with the change of ΔP(i.e., respiratory pressure swings) from normoxia to hyperoxia. Repeated exercise brings about a decrease of the PAPof the same magnitude, from 38.4 ± 9.2 to 35.1 ± 8.0 mm Hg (p<0.01); cardiac output is unchanged; this decrease of PAPis not correlated with first exercise PAPnor with Pao2· In healthy subjects exercising, hyperoxia brings about no change in PAP(16.0 ±3.6 mm Hg during normoxia, 15.8 ±2.6 mm Hg during hyperoxia) nor in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and pulmonary arterial resistances. In patients with chronic bronchitis, breathing oxygen and repeated exercise apparently bring about an increased capacity of the pulmonary vascular bed during exercise: breathing oxygen probably produces vasodilatation; the mechanism involved during repeated exercise has not been

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193021

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A digital computer procedure for the conversion of oxygen tension to saturation at various temperatures, carbon dioxide tensions, and hydrogen ion concentrations is described. This program is based only on a mathematical model of the dissociation curve, which does not take into account the theory of the combination of oxygen with hemoglobin, but is describing exactly the dissociation curve proposed by Severinghaus. The use of the program is entirely pragmatic and is ready for inclusion in larger programs without modification

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193022

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A patient is reported with bronchiectasis, pulmonary suppuration and respiratory failure 26 years after inhalation of a foreign body and 17 years after its removal. The patient denied knowledge of inhalation of the foreign body until the current admission. Chronic bronchial suppuration generally with bronchiectasis often occurs after prolonged foreign body retention; rarely there are only minor sequelae after inhalation of nonorganic foreign bodies. In this case, chronic bronchopulmonary suppuration and severe airways obstruction progressed to respiratory failure even after the foreign body was removed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193023

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193024

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger