ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193769

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Arterial-venous differences in plasma triglyceride across the lungs were determined in healthy human subjects before, during and following infusion of a soybean oil emulsion into the superior vena cava. Samples were acquired from the pulmonary and brachial arteries. A significantly greater mean concentration of triglyceride in venous as opposed to arterial blood was evident following 12 min of infusion (p < 0.001), with a tendency for the retained lipid to be released during the postinfusion period. It could be calculated that during infusion the lungs retained about 20% of the available triglyceride, or 3 mmol/min.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193770

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new technique for breath-by-breath controlled bronchial inhalation test is described, using the body plethysmographic method. The values of airway resistance (Raw) and of thoracic gas volume at resting expiratory level (TGV) have been compared to the data of total pulmonary flow resistance (R,), measured with the intraesophageal catheter method, and of functional residual capacity (FRC). The dynamic lung compliance (C1 dyn) was calculated, too; the mechanical parameters of breathing (R1; Raw; C1 dyn) have been investigated on the same breathing cycles before, during and after respiratory challenges in symptom-free asthmatic children. Regarding the breath-to-breath variation of the parameters, a respiratory challenge is usually considered as positive, if the R1 or Raw values increase 100% or more. Out of 39 assays, ‘positive’ challenges were observed in 14 cases regarding R1 values and in 11 cases regarding Raw values. ‘Doubtful’ tests – i.e. +50% ≤ R1 or Raw < 100% – were observed in 5 assays regarding R1 and in 7 cases regarding Raw. A decrease of more than 40% of C1 dyn was observed in 12 out of the 19 ‘positive’ or ‘doubtful-positive’ challenges; the largest spontaneous breath-to-breath variation being ± 25%. Such a decrease of C1 dyn is suggested as a sign of peripheral bronchial obstruction. An increase of more than 25% of TGV was observed in 11 out of 19 assays, considered ‘positive’ or ‘doubtful-positive’. A correlation being observed between C1 dyn decrease and TGV increase this latter parameter is suggested to be an additional sign of bronchial obstruction. Beside the practical problem of the interpretation of a respiratory challenge, these results are discussed from the ph

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193771

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

On 31 pairs of lungs from still borns and newborns of differing stages of maturation and age (23rd week of gestation up to the 24th week after birth), dynamical measurements within an artificial thorax were performed including systematical changes of ventilation types, particularly breathing frequency. In 12 pairs of lungs, surfactant activity was diminished. In these cases, a marked heterogeneity of ventilation and partly excessive increases of work of breathing correlated with the life span following birth could be shown, and some pathogenetical ways of cardiorespiratory failure as well as mechanisms of damaging late effects of the lungs following respiratory distress syndrome could be demonstrated. Moreover, by measurements of airway resistance it could be shown that in diseased and normal lungs of unmature infants the range of laminar flow is low due to the lability of the bronchial walls. A new method of valuation of the experimental data using the laws of alternating current (Heusinger) has been proven to be useful in the analysis of pulmonary mechanics.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193772

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

14 asthmatic patients developing regularly exercise-induced bronchoconstriction were subjected to a submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. On the first day the exercise was not preceded by any medication; on the second, 50 mg thiazinamium was given, and on the third day 2 mg atropine was given before the exercise. The changes in the calibre of the bronchi were assessed with a Wright peak flow meter. With thiazinamium a complete protection against the bronchoconstriction was observed in 12 patients, in one the protection was partial and in an other no beneficial effect of the drug was found. It seems that protection given by thiazinamium was due to its antihistaminic property and not to the anticholinergic one, as among 10 patients protected by thiazinamium, only 2 were also protected by the atropine.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193773

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method of localizing and evacuating pleural effusions under visual control is described which in the author’s opinion is an improvement and enhancement over current procedures. This method is easy, rapid, safe and causes no distress to the patient. On many occasions, failures at puncture of loculated fluid by conventional methods can successfully be accomplished under ultrasonic guidanc

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193774

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method is described which allows quantitative measurements of bronchomotor function in vitro in all parts of the tracheobronchial tree. With this method it was observed that chymotrypsin, trypsin and ficin elicited contraction in the intrapulmonary airways of rats. The response could be abolished or diminished by phentolamin and atropine. Physostigmine did not potentiate the response. It is concluded that chymotrypsin operates mainly through α-adrenoreceptors, whereas trypsin and ficin operate through both α-adrenoreceptors and cholinoceptive receptor

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193775

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We can conclude that the combination of a high FEV2/1 index and a ‘peak-flow-less’ flow-volume loop is characteristic for the presence of proximal airway stenosis and is a reliable means for differentiation against bronchospasm and emphysema. In comparison, the measurement of airway resistance, FEV1 alone, inspiratory shift of mid-breathing level etc., indicate only the presence of airway obstruction, but fail to give specific information for functional differentiation of bronchial obstruction and morphological evidence of proximal airway steno

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193776

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In eight normal subjects, eight patients with asthma, and six patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, the first derivative of occlusion pressure at FRC during rebreathing has been studied. The maximal dP/dt was always lower in patients. Such a behavior may depend on reduced neuronal discharge as well as on reduced effectiveness of the contraction of the respiratory muscles. Though (dP/dt)max may provide a reliable measure of the sensitivity of the respiratory center only in a homogeneous group, the results of plotting its value against ventilation and end-tidal Pco2 confirm the failure of the thoracomuscular system to convert the output of respiratory centers into increase of pulmonary pressure and ventilation.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger