摘要:

The comparative efficacy and patient compliance with treatment using three sustained-release theophylline preparations currently available in The Netherlands were evaluated by measuring the plasma concentration achieved in a survey of 282 hospital and 185 out-patients. Compliance was dramatically better amongst in-patients than those attending out-patient clinics. Complete treatment avoidance was higher than expected. Compliance was better among non-smokers than among patients who were still smoking. Patients clearly preferred preparations which permitted a simple daily dosing schedule requiring the minimum number of tablets. On this basis and that of the parameters measured, Theolair Retard was the preparation of choice. Plasma concentration should be monitored during long-term theophylline treatment.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats were exposed for 7 days to an oxygen concentration of 85% and then submitted to an aerosol of papain, immediately, 3, 7 or 15 days after this exposure. The number of animals dying increased as the time between the administration of papain and the end of the exposure to oxygen increased. The quantification of emphysema was made by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm)· The Lm does not differ between animals pretreated with oxygen and which have received papain, immediately or after 3 days, and the controls in air not having received papain. On the contrary, the animals pretreated with oxygen and having received papain 7 or 15 days later show a significantly higher Lm than do the controls in air having received papain. The protection of the lung against the elastolytic effect of papain by a preliminary stay in 85% O2 is short-term; its mechanism is discussed

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194591

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The forced oscillation technique developed by Korn et al. in 1979 (Siregnost FD 5) overestimates the measured resistances by about 20% in the range of resistance values met in healthy subjects and in patients. This is due to an overestimation of the impedance of the side tubing used for calibration. In addition, the device that we investigated introduces a phase shift of 9° between pressure and flow

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 12 anesthetized mongrel dogs the changes in movements of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (ABD) were studied during inspiratory loading for 15 min. Tracheal (Pm) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures increased to 60–65% of their maxima and were maintained for the 15-min period of loading. Analysis of the EMGs of the diaphragm and intercostals revealed approximately equal recruitment of both these muscle groups. Two types of breathing patterns were observed: (1) abdominal, or normal (9/12 dogs), in which the ABD moved outward during inspiration, and (2) rib cage (3/12 dogs) in which the RC moved outward and the ABD inward during inspiration. The latter were those in whom the ratio of RC width to length was the greatest, and the RC was, presumably, able to resist deformation during inspiration. In most of the abdominal (normal) breathers two phases of RC motion could be seen an initial phase which was either outward or inward, and a final, early expiratory, phase of outward motion. The data indicate that the initial phase of RC motion is influenced by the relative compliance of the RC and ABD, while the final phase relates to the respiratory system rebounding to its relaxation configuration at the onset of respiratio

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Myoglobin was determined in biopsy specimens from the quadriceps muscle of 3 female and 15 male 48-to 78-year-old patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients were examined after an overnight rest. All but 2 were slightly to moderately hypoxemic. The myoglobin level was in all but 1 instance below the mean previously observed for apparently healthy subjects of similar age. The results are in line with earlier findings of an abnormal pattern of energy-rich phosphagens in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The injection of a single bolus of the gas phase of cigarette smoke into the airway of an isolated, perfused and ventilated, canine lung preparation resulted in a sevenfold increase in lung cyclic GMP content by 2 s after exposure. Recovery of control levels occurred by 2 min after injection. Repeated smoke exposures of the same lung resulted in similar increases. These results indicate that cigarette smoke may activate lung guanylate cyclase when delivered through the airway and suggest that lung cyclic GMP levels may fluctuate acutely during smoking.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to confirm the usefulness of free plasma DNA detection in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), we have studied 16 patients with PE, 33 with various diseases, and 13 normal subjects. Free plasma DNA was detectable in 15 of 16 patients with PE (94%) and in 3 control patients, but never in plasma from normal subjects. In most cases, DNA was detectable until the 10th day after PE. In conclusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a rapid, inexpensive and specific test which may be used as an exclusion test in the detection of patients suspected of having PE, who will have to undergo more extensive evaluation.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have studied the effects of ketotifen (Ke), an effective antiallergic drug, on guinea pig trachea. Ke (10-6-5 × 10-5M) inhibits contractions induced in this preparation by acetylcholine, prostaglandin F2α barium chloride, potassium chloride and electrical stimulation. These results provide evidence for protective effects of Ke in airways. Furthermore, Ke exerts also a neural inhibitory effect on postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of guinea pig trachea. These findings resemble the effects reported previously for disodium cromoglycate by us and might be relevant for antiasthmatic and antiallergic properties of K

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194597

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A pressurized inhalation aerosol should be actuated at the beginning of a slow and deep inhalation, followed by a long pause of breathholding. In this study a registration was performed on the mode of inhalation. The flow-volume curve and the moment of actuation were obtained from an aerosol actuator provided with sensors, and the breathholding pause was measured. Data were obtained from 34 asthmatic patients, regularly trained to use the pressurized aerosol, and these data were compared with those from 44 untrained patients. When the subjects used a terbutaline sulfate aerosol in their usual fashion, most of the trained subjects succeeded well. Further improvements could possibly be made regarding the depth of inhalation and, after control with the recording device, regarding the flow rate at actuation. Most of the untrained subjects did not use a deep enough inhalation with respect to their vital capacity, and their breath-holding pause was very short. It only seems possible to improve these parameters by regular training. In order to reach optimal results the asthmatic patients must be regularly controlled and instructed regarding their use of a pressurized inhalation aerosol. A recording device is useful in demonstrating to each subject which parameter can be improved.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pressurized aerosols of sympathomimetic drugs are widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The efficacy of this form of treatment is diminished in a number of patients by difficulties in coordination between the aerosol actuation and the inhalation. In order to improve the intrapulmonary deposition of terbutaline, an extension tube has been adapted to the regular pressurized aerosol device. In a cross-over randomized study we compared the bronchodilatory effect of increasing doses of terbutaline (250, 500 and 750 μg at 25-min intervals) either delivered by the regular pressurized aerosol device or by the device with the extension tube. The study was performed on 11 adult patients with reversible airways obstruction. Spirometry, body plethysmography and flow volume curves were performed. The onset of the bronchodilatory effect of a single dose of 250 μg terbutaline was more rapid after delivery via the extension tube. The addition of the extension tube caused a significantly higher bronchodilator efficacy of aerosolized terbutaline on the small airways. Our results show that the addition of an extension tube improves the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline delivered from a pressurized aeroso

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger