摘要:

The influence of bilateral vagus blockade on airway resistance induced by allergen exposure, while aerosol was given, was tested on 3 dogs. The therapeutic effect of vagus blockade could be demonstrated, which showed to be in a same degree as its prophylactic effect demonstrated in experiences before.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study was carried out on 8 boxer dogs in three groups. They were anesthetized, intubated and breathed spontaneously. The animals were exposed to inhalative acetylcholine (ACH) aerosol, mechanical stimulus to the bronchial tree, intrabronchial and intravenous application of ACH solution. Dynamic elasticity, lung resistance, tracheal resistance and breathing rates were determined. A special method was used for recording tracheal activity in spontaneously breathing animals and noted as tracheal pressure. Those parameters were noted before and after partial blocking of the cervical vagus nerves on both sides.Bilateral vagal block entirely prevented the response produced by mechanical irritation and intrabronchial ACH. Inhalative and intravenous ACH produced significantly less response after vagal block, but certain residues remained. It is concluded that mechanical irritation works entirely through the reflex path, but ACH mostly follows the reflex path a little on the smooth muscle directly.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper extends the mathematical model of Jaeger and Otis to a separate computation of the mean airway resistance in the in- and expiratory phase. The extended method is illustrated and compared to known methods by means of data on 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with obstructive airway diseases.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194002

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A simple method for the evaluation of the tracheal lumens in rabbits following tracheal plastic surgery is described. The results are compared with those obtained by blood gas analysis and ray cinematography

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194003

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Female Wistar rats exposed for 1–9 days to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (440 Torr or 4,250 m altitude) showed a significant increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA of hypoxic lungs that was preceded by a lag phase (24 h of hypoxia). The maximum increase of the 3H-thymidine incorporation rate after 9 days of hypoxia was 351%, reflecting increased DNA synthesis and subsequent cell proliferation during hypoxia. Simultaneously determined cAMP demonstrated a significant rise and a plateau-like elevation during the first 3 days of hypoxic exposure, whereas cGMP lagged behind the increase in lung cAMP concentration. Additionally, a rise in the endogenous acetylcholine (Ach) of lung tissue in the course of chronic hypoxia was demonstrated. Tissue levels of Ach and cGMP were highly correlated. A significant correlation was obtained between lung DNA synthesis rate and cGMP/cAMP ratio. These data support the concept that chronic hypoxia stimulates lung DNA synthesis and that the increase in DNA synthesis, suggesting cellular proliferation, is associated with or mediated by alterations of cAMP and cGMP. In particular, the early predominance of cAMP may reflect a state of increased adrenergic activity, and the delayed rise of Ach and cGMP may be due to an increased parasympathetic stimulation.The cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are important components of an internal signaling system which regulates the activity of most cells [2] and mediates the cell response to a wide range of stimuli [8, 16]. Acute hypoxia stimulates the v. Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, resulting in pulmonary vascular constriction [5] and concomitant changes of the lung tissue cGMP/cAMP ratio that are closely related to the time course of the pulmonary vascular resistance [12]. Chronic hypoxia in its initial stage leads to a strong increase of the lung tissue DNA synthesis reflecting marked cell proliferation [24]. Acetylcholine (Ach) has been known to be a potent vasodilator of the pulmonary vasculature [6, 14], and recent evidence has been accumulated that parasympathetic stimulation can turn on mitosis [18]. Thus, a kinetic study with simultaneous determination of cyclic nucleotides, Ach and DNA synthesis was considered, to elucidate the effects of the stimulus of chronic hypoxi

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194004

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A correlation between the number of bronchial cells and alkaline phosphatase levels in bronchial aspirates obtained from patients was demonstrated.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194005

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An on-line computerised lung function screening test is described which prints out 22 lung function parameters and a functional diagnosis. The complete test with print-out data takes less than 8 min per patient which implies that more than 60 outpatients can be ‘screened’ per day. Furthermore, for patients about to undergo major surgery a lung function operative risk grading is also available. The developed computer system is comparatively inexpensive, simple to operate and can be immediately on-lined to most apparatus without special interfacing. The total screening system can be operated by a single technologist and the required respiratory manoeuvres can be performed by almost all patients irrespective of the degree of lung function impairment. Although comprehensive in itself the screening test has been invaluable in deciding upon which patients require more intensive and time-consuming lung function investigati

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194006

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several Vermont population groups were surveyed for the occurrence of antibodies to thermophilic actinomycetes. Antibodies to M. faeni and T. vulgaris were measured by the precipitin method in all subjects and, in 124 subjects, M. faeni antibodies were also measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. There was relatively good correlation between the two techniques (r 0.48, p < 0.01).Hospital employees, blood donors and patients with chronic bronchitis were generally negative for precipitins to thermophilic actinomycetes. Of the 258 Vermont dairy farmers surveyed, 14 (5.4%) had precipitins to M. faeni, 3 (1.2%) had precipitins to T. vulgaris but only 1 farmer with antibodies to M. faeni had symptoms of possible farmer’s lung disease (FLD). On the other hand, 10 (4.1%) precipitin-negative farmers had symptoms possibly consistent with FLD. The IFA test did not correlate any better with symptoms. 7 (5.6%) patients with pulmonary fibrosis had precipitins to M. faeni 5 of these were diagnosed as having FLD. 18 (14.4%) had precipitins to T. vulgaris and only 3 of these patients were felt to have hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis and FLD hat IFA titers of ≥ 1/128, but so did asymptomatic farm

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194007

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger