摘要:

AbstractThe present study elucidates whether the phase of the migrating motor complex (MMC) present at the moment of food intake modulates postprandial motor response and rate of gastric emptying of caloric meals. Eight healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 26 years were examined twice. During water‐perfused gastroduodenal manometry, a liquid meal with paracetamol added as a marker was orally administered during phase I and late phase II. Paracetamol appeared in serum 14.1 ± 3.8 min and 9.1 ± 4.0 (mean ± SD) min, respectively, after intake of the meal (P<0.02). The area under the curve of s‐paracetamol until 25 min after intake was 232 ± 169 μmoll‐1min and 362 ± 130 (P<0.05), respectively. When taken during late phase II, a phase III‐like activity occurred within 2.1 ± 1.3 min in the duodenum, and was succeeded by quiescence. During phase I, the meal invariably initiated irregular contractions within 4 min. The phase of MMC during which a caloric meal is ingested modulates duodenal motor response and rate of gastric emptying during the initial postprandial period. Initial postprandial motor activity thus represents the combined effect of nutrient stimulation and the underlying enteric biorhythm as reflected b

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCarbohydrates are a component of chyme that initiate feedback control of gastric emptying. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism by which sensors in the intestine are activated by carbohydrate to initiate intestinal feedback of gastric motor function. Intestinal perfusion with D‐glucose inhibited gastric motility in awake rats. This response was reproduced by 3‐0‐methyl glucose, a non‐metabolizable analogue of glucose that is absorbed by the Na+‐glucose co‐transporter, but not by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, and was attenuated by perfusion of the intestine with phloridzin, a competitive blocker of the Na+‐glucose co‐transporter. Feeding a high carbohydrate diet to increase the number of co‐transporters reduced the response to intestinal glucose. It was concluded that activation of sensors to initiate feedback inhibition of gastric motility may be dependent either on rapid accumulation of glucose within epithelial cells or on activation of the Na+

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously shown that restriction of water intake decreased stool frequency and stool weight in volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these effects of thirst could be mediated by an action of systematically released hormones on colonic smooth muscle. Using isolated colonic smooth muscle strips the effect of arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (ANG II) and aldosterone on rat colonic motility in vitro was investigated. AVP (10−12‐10−10mol/***1) and aldosterone (3 times 10−10‐3 times 10−8mol/1) and physiological hormonal concentrations of ANG II (10−13‐10−10mol/***1) had no effect on either basal activity, direct stimulation of colonic smooth muscle or neurally stimulated contractions using carbachol 10−7‐3 times 10−5mol/***1 or neurally stimulated contractions using electrical field stimulation at various stimulation frequencies (1–10 pps, 1 ms, 40 V). ANG II in higher concentrations (10−7‐10−6mol/***1) increased basal activity and neurally mediated contractions. Accordingly, ANG II (10−6mol/***1) caused a prestimulation but did not increase the maximum contractile effect of carbachol. The response to ANG II was not affected by atropine (10−6mol/1). TTX (10−6mol/1) and N‐nitro‐L8‐arginine (L‐NNA) (3 times 10−4mol/1) stimulated basal muscular activity but did not affect the maximum contractile effect of ANG II. Systemic serum concentrations of AVP, aldosterone and ANG II are presumably not involved in thirst‐induced colonic motility changes. The ANG II effect in higher concentrations is mediated by a direct stimulatory smooth muscle effect and/or by facilitating neuronal liberation of acetylcholine. These higher concentrations of ANG II could be reached when ANG II is acting as a neurotran

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was performed to compare pain‐related oesophageal motility, gastro‐oesophageal reflux and ST‐segment deviations in patients with intermittent chest pain and normal or pathological coronary angiography. Thirty patients (11 males, 19 females; mean age 54.8 years) with normal and 15 patients (12 males, 3 females; mean age 66.7 years) with pathological coronary angiography were investigated by 24‐h oesophageal pressure, pH and ECG recording. Chest pain correlated with motility abnormalities or gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurred in 33% (10/30) of patients with normal coronary arteries and in 26% of patients with pathological coronary angiography. Symptomatic and asymptomatic ST‐segment changes were less frequently observed in patients with normal angiography (4/30) than in patients with pathological coronary angiography (7/14; P = 0.02). Oesophageal dysfunction coincided with ST‐segment deviation in 6.7% (2/30) of patients with normal and 40% (6/15) of patients with pathological coronary angiography (P = 0.02). The conclusions reached were: (1) pain‐correlated abnormal motility or gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurred in patients with normal and pathological coronary angiography at the same frequency; (2) ambulatory motility and pH recording alone does not appear to differentiate between cardiac and non‐cardiac chest pain; (3) simultaneous ECG recording reveals a significant correlation of ST‐segment deviation and gastro‐oesophageal reflux or abnormal motility in patients with c

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of varying bile acid output on fasting small intestinal motility was investigated in healthy male volunteers. Biliary output was manipulated by jejunal infusion of isotonic mannitol, which resulted in increased output, and by prolonged drainage of duodenal contents, which resulted in decreased output. Intestinal motility was measured by manometric recordings performed at four levels in the proximal small intestine. A marker dilution technique was used to measure pancreatico‐biliary output. There were three experimental groups: duodenal drainage, non‐drainage and control. Both duodenal drainage and non‐drainage groups underwent jejunal saline infusion, followed by mannitol infusion. The control group did not receive drainage or infusions. In the drainage group, 0.41 (0.13‐0.68) activity fronts of the migrating motor complex (MMC) per hour were recorded during saline infusion, but only 0.06 (0‐0.19) activity fronts per hour were observed during mannitol infusion. In the nondrainage group, 0.71 (0.61‐0.81) activity fronts per hour were observed during saline infusion and 0.50 (0.18‐0.82) activity fronts per hour were recorded during mannitol infusion. In the control group, 0.58 (0.33–0.84) activity fronts per hour were recorded during the first 4‐h session and 0.58 (0.45‐0.71) activity fronts per hour during the second session. There was no difference between the number of activity fronts per hour observed in the control group and those observed in the saline infusion of the drainage group. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the number of activity fronts per hour in the drainage group during mannitol infusion, compared to both non‐drainage group during mannitol infusion (P<0.01) and controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, decreased biliary output caused by duodenal drainage in combination with mannitol infusion is associated with inhibition of the cyclic activity of MMC in the proximal s

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim was to measure the effect of gastric electrical stimulation on the frequency of canine antral pacesetter potentials (PPs), the strength of antral contractions, and the rate of gastric emptying while fasting, after feeding and with pentagastrin stimulation. Four conscious dogs with a stimulating electrode placed 10 cm proximal to the pylorus and recording electrodes and strain gauges placed 7, 5 and 3 cm proximal to the pylorus underwent myoelectric and strain gauge recordings while fasting, after feeding (250 ml 5% dextrose labelled with polyethylene glycol), and during pentagastrin infusion (0.5 μg kg−1min−1) on four separate days. On each day, electrical stimulation was done using one of four stimulation frequencies (0, 6, 30 and 1200 stimuli per minute ***[s.p.m.]). Stimulation at 6 and 30 s.p.m. increased the fasting and fed PP frequency, whereas 1200 s.p.m. stimulation did not. Feeding decreased the maximum driven frequency, and pentagastrin increased it. Neither the motility index nor the gastric emptying rate were consistently changed by stimulation at any frequency. In conclusion, canine proximal antral stimulation at 6 and 30 s.p.m. sped PP frequency during fasting and after feeding, but stimulation over a wide range of frequencies had little effect on gastric contractions and empt

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the potential use of erythromycin as a prokinetic agent, despite limited data on the effect of oral administration on gastrointestinal motility. We have now evaluated, in 15 conscious pigs fitted with strain gauges, the response of (i) basal gastric motility and (ii) gastric motility during inhibition with intraduodenal triglycerides in fusion to increasing doses of oral erythromycin. In the basal state, erythromycin led to dose‐dependent increases in both the amplitude (10–30 mg kg−1) and the frequency (10–55 mg kg−1) of gastric contractions. The corpus was more responsive than the antrum, with an increase in amplitude at lower doses. The amplitude of the duodenal contractions was also improved but not in a dose‐dependent manner. Gastroduodenal coordination was unchanged regardless of the dose of erythromycin. Following inhibition of gastric motility, a dose of erythromycin below 45 mg kg−1increased both the amplitude of gastric contractions and the gastroduodenal coordination, although individual doses produced smaller increases in amplitude than in the basal state. These results suggest that erythromycin has a different mechanism of action in the stomach compared with the duodenum. The reduced effectiveness of large doses of erythromycin has important therapeutic

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been previously shown that patients with achalasia may have motor abnormalities of the stomach, small bowel and biliary system. This study investigates whether a disturbance of extraintestinal autonomic function occurs. Autonomic function studies were performed in 15 patients with achalasia and 15 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Pupillo‐grams were obtained during darkness, light exposure and after pilocarpine administration. Cardiovascular function studies included determinations of heart rate variation during deep breathing and orthostasis. In addition, we determined blood pressure changes in response to sustained handgrip, cold exposure and orthostasis. Neurohormonal function was investigated by measuring serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels prior to and following sham feeding. Pupillary function did not differ in patients as compared with controls. However, 9 of 15 patients (95% CI: 32–84%) and none of the controls showed at least one abnormal autonomic cardiovascular response. A significant difference between the two groups was observed in sympathetic function (P = 0.023). More patients than controls did not respond to sharn feeding with a PP increase. It is concluded that some patients with achalasia exhibit an abnormality of the autonomic nervous system that extends beyond the gastrointestinal tract. These abnormalities mainly concern cardiovascular function but may also involve neurohormonal re

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY