ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐nine patients referred for oesophageal diagnostic work up prospectively divided into patients with normal (‘controls’) and abnormal motility on the basis of manometric findings underwent oesophageal scintigraphy with and without simultaneous manometry. All patients with abnormal peristalsis had a mean pressure amplitude of less than 30 mmHg andlor simultaneous contractions in the proximal andlor distal half of the oesophagus. For manometry a low compliance perfusion system was used (external diameter of the manometric tube 0.5 cm). Radionuclide oesophageal emptying (%) was measured 12 sec after the beginning of each swallow. Values of>8O% were considered normal. Oesophageal emptying for liquid and semi‐solid test‐boluses during manometry was compared t o the corresponding values obtained without the manometric tube in place. Oesophageal emptying was reduced during studies with the manometric tube in situ in controls from 97.6 ± 1.2% to 85.9 ± 5.3%, P = 0.018 forliquid boluses, and from 95.3 ± 1.2% to 84.4 ± 4.3%, P = 0.01 for semi‐solid boluses. A trend was also seen in patients with abnormal contractility which was not statistically significant (65.6 ± 9.0% vs 56.6 ± 8.5% P = 0.1, 62.4 ± 9.1% vs 56.7 ± 7.6%, p=0.4). Three controls duringliquid studies and four controls during semi‐solid studies were falsely classified as pathological by scintigraphy with the tube in situ whereas only one patient with abnormal contractility was classified normal in each of the liquid and semi‐solid studies. In conclusion, subjects with normal contractility patterns may show pathological emptying in radionuclide studies if simultaneous manometry is performed. Patients who have reduced oesophageal emptying may be less often false

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetection of peristalsis in the human small intestine has been limited in the past by both the available measurement techniques and the complexity of this activity. Recent developments in ambulant recording have provided a means of monitoring the occurrence of intestinal contractions at multiple sites in the small bowel, but the problem of complexity remains. Using digital data recorded from an intra‐luminal strain‐gauge transducer in the proximal gut, an algorithm was implemented to identify and classify contractile events within the small bowel. By modelling propagated activity the effect of varying transducer spacing and the number of transducers used was assessed. The question of variability of apparent velocity of peristaltic contractions was examined using successive cross‐correlation calculations to extract underlying phase differences between samples of 512 minutes of manometric recording over 150 mm of human small bowel. The effective velocity was found to have a median value of 14 mm sec‐1and an inter quartile range of 12–18 mm see‐1). It is proposed that, in dynamically tracking variations in phase difference between adjacent recording sites, cross‐correlation techniques should be used to control the parameters used for the recognition of propagated contractile events and thereby improve the specificity of

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim was to study and to compare passive biomechanical wall properties in the isolated duodenum and distal ileum of the guinea‐pig. Stepwise inflation of an intraluminal balloon, in which the pressure and cross‐sectional area were measured simultaneously, provided the distension stimulus. Biomechanical wall parameters such as wall tension and compliance were calculated from steady state values of these measurements. Smooth muscle relaxation was obtained by adding 10‐3m papaverine to the organ bath. Cross‐sectional area always reached equilibrium within the two‐minute inflation period. The pressure‐cross‐sectional area relations showed a higher degree of hysteresis in the ileum than in the duodenum (P<0.01). Cross‐sectional area and wall tension in distal ileum was higher than those in duodenum (P<0.001). Compliance was at pressures up to 3 kFa significantly higher in the ileum. At the highest induced pressures, compliance was the same for the two segments. The model provides the opportunity for studying passive biomechanical wall properties in the isolated small intestine. Biomechanical differences were found between the proximal and distal small intestine. These properties may be related to the specialized functions of the two segments, e.g.

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects ofigmesine (JO 1784) and 5‐HT1Aagonists (8‐OH‐DPAT, buspirone) on post‐prandial colonic transit were evaluated in conscious rats chronically fitted with an intracolonic catheter inserted into the proximal colon. Colonic transit time was evaluated by intracolonic administration of a radiolabelled marker ([51Cr]sodium chromate) and collection of the faeces, per hour, on a conveyor belt. In control studies, the colonic mean retention time was 7.8 ± 1.9 h and faecal dry matter was 50.1 ± 8.4%. Intraperitoneal treatment with igmesine (1 mg kg‐1) reduced the colonic mean retention time by 61.1 %, but was inactive at 0.1 and 0.25 mg kg‐1. Buspirone (10 mg kg‐1IP) and 8‐OH‐DPAT (0.1 mg kg‐1) injected i.p. reduced the mean retention time. The stimulatory effect of buspirone on colonic transit was dose‐related (0.1–10 mg kg‐1). Neither igmesine, buspirone nor 8‐OH‐DPAT affected the faecal dry matter. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of igmesine (0.025 and 0.1 mg kg‐1) also reduced the post‐prandial mean retention time by 41.6 and 41.7%, respectively, without any effect on faecal dry matter. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of 8‐OH‐DPAT or buspirone had no effect on colonic mean retention time. Subcutaneous injection with BMY 14802 (1 mg kg‐1) completely prevented the igmesine‐ (0.1 mg kg‐1i.c.v.) induced reduction of mean retention time; furthermore, spiroxatrine (0.5 mg kg‐1s.c.) blocked both buspirone‐ (10mgkg‐1i.p.) and 8‐OH‐DPAT‐ (0.1 mg kg‐1i.p.) induced stimulation of postpandial colonic transit. Intracerebroventricular but not i.p. injection of devazepide (10 μg kg‐1) inhibited the stimulating effect of igmesine, 8‐OH‐DPAT or buspirone on colonic transit, while L365,260 was inactive. In rats igmesine and 5‐HT1Aagonists stimulate colonic transit by a mechanism involving the central release of CCK‐8s and/or the activation of supraspinal CCKerg

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperiments were designed to study the effects of acute pancreatitis, induced by bile duct ligation, on the contractility of longitudinal muscle from the jejunum of rats. Forty animals were divided randomly into 5 groups, 8 in each. In three groups, the common bile duct was ligated at its entrance into the duodenum (low ligation), and their jejunal longitudinal muscle contractility was studied at 24, 48 or 72 hours after operation. In the fourth group, the common bile duct was ligated above the pancreas (high ligation). These animals were studied 72 hours after operation. In the fifth group, sham operation was performed as a control. At the time of study, two strips of longitudinal muscle were peeled from a segment of the jejunum from each animal, and were mounted in organ baths. Muscle contractions in response to carbachol (10‐7‐10‐4m) and to KCL (30 mM) were measured, correlated to the cross‐sectional area of the muscle strips, and expressed as stress. Animals with low ligation developed histological evidence of acute pancreatitis. Maximal stress to carbachol of intestinal muscle from these animals decreased progressively with time after operation. Forty‐eight and 72 hours following low ligation, Maximal stresses in response to carbachol were 488 ± 33 g cm‐2and 438 ± 28 g cm‐2, values significantly lower than those after sham operation (611 ± 24 g cm‐2). In contrast, median effective concentrations of carbachol (D‐50s) were not significantly different among groups. The response to KCl, although lower than that to carbachol in each group, did not differ among groups. Animals with high ligation, although showing signs of bile stasis, did not develop histological evidence of pancreatitis, and maximal stresses to either carbachol or KCl developed by muscle from these animals did not differ significantly from control. We conclude that low ligation with the induction of pancreatitis leads to a decreased contractility of the jejunum. Also, the impairment responsible for the decreased contractility may reside in an excitation‐contraction pathway step initiated by ca

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEleven volunteers received 300 ml white wine, an ethanol solution and tap water to compare the effects of these beverages on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro‐oesophageal reflux. A continuous measurement of sphincter pressure and oesophageal pH was performed one hour before and after ingestion. A significant increase in fraction of time pH<4 (P<0.01 vs ethanol, P<0.001 vs water) coincident with a significant decrease in sphincter pressure (P<0.01) was observed after the intake of wine, The duration of transient sphincter relaxations (P<0.05) as well as the duration of reflux episodes (P<0.001) were significantly prolonged, its frequencies were not significantly enhanced. Reflux occurred almost exclusively during complete sphincter relaxations after the intake of ethanol and water, whereas an increase in ‘stress reflux’ and the occurrence of ‘free reflux’ was observed after ingestion of wine (P<0.001). It is concluded that this change in reflux pattern is related to the depressive effect of wine on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. Pure ethanol is not responsible for the effect

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies in the dog have shown that when equicaloric nutrients are infused into the distal small intestine, glucose is the most potent inhibitor of proximal small intestinal motility. Studies in man and rat have shown lipid to be the most potent inhibitor of gastrointestinal motility, but the nutrients were not infused at equicaloric loads. These studies aimed to investigate the effect of infusing nutrients (Intralipid 20%, protein 8g/100 ml, glucose 50 mM, rice starch 5 g/ 100 ml), either alone or in combination, into isolated jejunal or ileal loops on stomach to caecum transit time (SCTT) to establish whether regional control of gastrointestinal motility by specific nutrients exists. The effects of infusing equicaloric nutrients (0.2 and 2 kcal) into the ileal loops on SCTT were also investigated. SCTT was significantly delayed when Intralipid (P<0.001) was infused into ileal loops and when glucose was infused into jejunal loops (P<0.01). Infusing protein with lipid abolished the effect of ileal lipid on SCTT, but infusing glucose with lipid still produced a significant delay in SCTT of the meal. Infusing either lipid or protein at 2 kcal delayed SCTT, but equicaloric loads of glucose had no effect. These results suggest both species and regional differences in the control of gastrointestinal motility.

ISSN:1350-1925    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2982.1994.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY