摘要:

AbstractThe process of cutback budgeting that occurs in an era of retrenchment differs significantly from budgeting in circumstances of revenue growth. Negotiating an agreement on a set of decrements is far more complicated than allocating increments: No one wants to be the first to propose a cut in another constituency's budget, and any coalition formed in support of a given package of cuts is inherently unstable. Still, several conditions appear to facilitate cutback budgeting: an overarching issue that elicits broad support for the total package of decrements; parliamentary procedures that limit voting to either for or against the entire package; and active, aggressive leadership. Whereas incremental budgeting may proceed in a routine and orderly fashion, the cutback process is always likely to involve conflict.

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324622

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen the government institutes a program thought to be useful for society as a whole, such as building a highway or controlling air pollution, those that benefit from such programs are usually quite different from those that bear its costs. Sometimes the government responds by postponing or modifying the program, sometimes by compensating those that are bearing an inequitable share of the costs. By using familiar economic concepts, the analyst can more effectively choose between the two approaches. Applying those concepts to the case of highway construction in California, we conclude that in this instance cash compensation is clearly superior to postponement as the policy of choice.

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324623

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe success or failure of programs typically depends on how numerous variables interact over time. Individuals adjust their strategies continuously on the basis of prior events. Unintended consequences abound. And the very meaning of success or failure may change over time. Yet the studies that command the most influence in the policy community are typically based on multiple regression, a technique whose capacity to capture these complexities is sharply limited. Accordingly, findings based on regression studies and findings based on the study of individual cases commonly conflict. Dynamic simulation modeling can serve as a methodological bridge between case studies and regression‐based studies of policy systems. The results of some early experiments along these lines indicate how the bridge can be fashione

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324624

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCandidate Jimmy Carter adopted tax reform as a major presidential campaign issue in 1976, calling the tax system “a disgrace to the human race” and promising greater equity, efficiency, and simplicity. As president, however, Carter failed in his efforts to effect tax reform, primarily because he did not make his reform proposals sweeping or radical enough. This failure suggests that a policy of incrementalism, of step‐by‐step legislative change, has serious limits when applied to a long‐entrenched governmental program. Incremental change may be appropriate for advancing or extending social programs but insufficient for curbing them or substantially shifting their

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324625

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324626

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3324627

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.1002/pam.4050040207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.1002/pam.4050040208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.1002/pam.4050040209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY