摘要:

SummaryMucosal mast‐cell hyperplasia is frequently observed in intestinal nematode infections and it has been suggested that mast‐cell responses to parasite antigens are involved in worm expulsion (self cure). To evaluate the importance of this mechanism, the course of infection and expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was compared in mast‐cell deficient W/Wvand normal (+/+) mice. Initial infectivity rates were similar, but the subsequent kinetics of expulsion of adult worms differed principally in that the onset of expulsion in mast‐cell deficient mice appeared to occur 24–36 h later than that in normal mice. Expulsion was complete by the 14th day post infection in both W/Wvand normal mice. Worm fertility (as estimated by faecal egg output) also differed in W/Wvand normal mice, with maximal egg output in W/Wvmice occurring 24 h later than that in normal mice. Although a few mast cells were present in the intestinal mucosa and tongue of W/Wvmice, their numbers did not change during the course of infection with N. brasiliensis. In contrast, worm expulsion in normal mice was associated with a moderate increase in numbers of intestinal mast cells, commencing at the onset of expulsion and peaking several days after expulsion was

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of multiple infections with Trichinella spiralis on the levels of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP), creatine kinase (CK), and leucocytes were studied in the guinea pig. Plasma MBP levels increased after each of four successive infections with T. spiralis. The times of peak elevations in MBP levels and eosinophilia correlated significantly, and both peaks occurred earlier with increased infection dose. CK levels were elevated most dramatically in the primary infection. A direct correlation between peak CK values and larval dose was observed, and the peak occurred earlier with larger larval doses. A dose‐dependent basophilia was observed in the primary infection and, like the eosinophil response, basophilia occurred earlier and was markedly enhanced after the second infection. The elevations in MBP levels and eosinophil counts persisted into the third and fourth infections; the basophil response persisted only through the third infectio

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA high‐titre IgE‐antibody response to Schistosoma japonicum antigen (Sj) is obtained if helper T cells are appropriately induced by the infection. The antibody responses were found to be regulated by a gene(s) linked to the major histocompatibility complex. Strains of H‐2aand H‐2khaplotypes were high responders, whereas H‐2d, H‐2band H‐2sstrains were not. Results obtained by using intra‐H‐2 recombinant strains suggested that the immune‐response (Ir) gene was mapped in the I‐E subregion, although a possibility of the presence of complementary genes was not excluded. Interestingly, in low responders such as BALB/c mice, Sj‐specific carrier effect could be demonstrated when mice were infected with S. japonicum before challenge immunization with dinitrophenylated Sj (DNP‐Sj). Moreover, BALB/cas well as C3H/He was a high responder to Sj in proliferation of peritoneal exudate T‐lymphocyte enriched cells in vitro, whereas B10.S was not. Based on these observations, possible roles of Ir genes in immune re

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn IgG2amouse hybridoma‐derived antibody (designated I.134) has been identified which binds to Schistosoma japonicum adult worms and which has immunodiagnostic potential (for detection of antibody) in schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. The target epitope of this hybridoma antibody is contained in a 23 000 molecular weight protein of adult worms as analysed by one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates and a gel overlay technique. This adult worm antigen has been labelled biosynthetically using35S‐methionine as well as exogenously using lactoperoxidase‐catalysed radioiodination and the Bolton and Hunter reagent with intact worms. As anticipated, the low molecular weight protein antigen (designated Sj23) appears to be one of several major immunogenic proteins of worms which induce antibodies in infected Philippine

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCBA mice which had been deprived of their T cells by a combination of adult thymectomy and injection of rabbit anti‐mouse thymocyte serum failed to excrete as many Schistosoma mansoni eggs in their faeces as immunologically intact controls. This failure of parasite egg excretion was not obviously attributable to any marked change in the amount of faecal matter produced, or to a change in the size of the worm burden, or to the number or distribution of eggs in the tissues as a result of T‐cell deprivation. S. mansoni eggs freshly isolated from T‐cell‐deprived mice and injected intravenously into normal animals, induced lung granulomas which were the same size as those induced by injection of eggs from normal donors. The rate of S. mansoni egg excretion was not affected by the density of eggs in the tissues, in as much as there was a linear relationship between the number of tissue‐bound eggs and the number of eggs detected in the faeces. Treatment of infected mice with the immunosuppressant hydrocortisone acetate also induced a marked reduction in the rate of egg excretion. Injections of serum derived from chronically infected normal mouse donors increased the rate of egg excretion in both T‐cell‐deprived and steroid‐treated mice, but the degree of reconstitution obtained by daily serum injections was only partial relative to normal egg excretion rates. Treatment of infected normal or deprived serum‐treated mice with cobra venom factor to reduce serum complement C3 levels had no effect on the rate of S. mans

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryInfection of cotton rats with Echinococcus multilocularis or vaccination with BCG, or its cell walls, activates peritoneal cells to kill the protoscolices of the parasite in vitro and protects laboratory animals against the cestode. To determine whether other ‘non‐specific’ stimuli would also protect against the parasite, cotton rat peritoneal cells were activated in vivo with PHA and transferred to recipients 3 days later. The recipients, controls and PHA‐treated animals were then inoculated with the parasite; 3 days after inoculation other untreated infected animals received cells activated in vivo with PHA. PHA‐activated cells, the PHA treatment itself and immunization with a homogenate of the parasite stimulated a leucocytosis and protected against infection by E. multilocularis; carrageenan abrogated protection in PHA‐treated animals. The results of this study confirm that protection against echinococcosis can be induced non‐specifically; these results suggest that immunity in hydatid disease may have an important component in the inflamma

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn experiment was performed which confirmed a previous finding that mice are protected against Naegleria fowleri infection by immunization with amoeba‐free supernatant from amoeba cultures. Histological observations suggested that this protection is expressed mainly at the nasal mucosa and possibly results from the combined effects of polymorphonuclear leucocyte‐mediated killing of the amoeba and mechanical elimination of the organisms by extensive shedding of necrotic epithel

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEosinophils and neutrophils are shown to be cytotoxic against two syngeneic mouse cell lines cells when these are coated with T. cruzi antigen and anti‐T. cruzi antibody. Activity is detected within 5 h of incubation. Highest levels of cytotoxicity are obtained at antibody dilutions of 1:100 and 1:1000, while antiserum at 1:10 is shown to be inhibitory. Eosinophils show significant activity at an effector to target ratio of 5:1. No cytotoxicity occurs in the absence of either antigen, antibody or effector cells. This phenomenon may be a model for the tissue destruction in acute T. cruzi infection, where the lysis of trypanosomes may lead to antigen coating of host cells, followed by antibody‐dependent granulocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity of the host

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of immune modulation on the pattern and course of infection with T. congolense was investigated in a strain of mice (C57B1) which is known to possess a significant degree of trypanotolerance, and a susceptible strain (CFLP) which rapidly succumbs to infection. Immunosuppression of C57B1 mice by splenectomy, cyclophosphamide treatment or gamma irradiation reduced their survival to near that of susceptible strains of mice. In contrast, attempts to enhance the immune response of susceptible CFLP mice using either a variety of immunostimulants, simultaneous vaccination with irradiated parasites at the time of infection, passive immunization or reducing the number of parasites used for infection, failed to confer a level of protection comparable to that of C57B1 mice. It was concluded that the basis of trypanotolerance, although immunological in nature, is associated with, as yet, undetermined factors.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEuropean green lizards, Lacerta viridis, produced relatively thermostable, dithiothreitol‐sensitive, non‐precipitating, agglutinins and complement‐fixing antibodies (CFA) to Leishmania agamae administered subcutaneously (SC), intraperitoneally (IP) or orally (OR). Antibodies were also detected by the immobilization test (IMM) and by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The most sensitive method for the detection of stimulated immunoglobulins was ELISA. Antibodies were detected as early as 3 days post‐infection with ELISA and between 5 and 7 for CFA, direct agglutination (DA) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA). In the case of IMM, the times of first detection varied from 14 to 28 days. Maximum CFA (2‐8), DA (2‐8), IHA (2‐11) and ELISA (2‐16) titres were reached from 42 to 49 days with significantly higher values occurring in the OR and IP groups. With IMM, maxima occurred after 5 or 6 weeks. Following exposure, two‐ to five‐fold significant increases in serum lysozyme levels were demonstrated but the concentrations in sera following SC, IP or OR routes of antigen administration were not significantly different when the groups were compared with each other. The highest lysozyme values (approximately 12.3–12.5 μgml‐1) were found in the SC and OR groups when compa

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY