摘要:

SummaryThe effect of host serum onin vitrofeeding byTrichostrongylus colubriformiswas studied by incubating adult helminths in goat serum containing the dye, Rhodamine B. The amount of dye ingested was determined by fluorometric analysis. Immune serum from goats infected withT. colubriformissuppressed helminth feeding, while normal serum from uninfected goats did not. Suppression of feeding by immune serum increased with the duration of the host's infection. Heat‐inactivation (56°C) of immune serum did not affect its suppressive activity. Pre‐exposure of worms to immune serum decreased subsequent feeding activity. However, rigorous washing of helminths restored their feeding to levels that were similar to untreated worms. Indirect immunofluorescent studies with immune serum and FITC conjugated rabbit anti‐goat IgG demonstrated binding of immunoglobulin to the cuticle, stoma and excretory pore of whole worms. Feeding inhibition of immune serum was associated with IgG1isotype. Results of the present studies indicated that IgG was responsible forin vitrosuppression ofT. colubriformisfeeding and may be one effector of immunity toT. colubriformisin th

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cytochemical and functional characteristics of broncho‐alveolar multinucleate giant cells and the kinetics of the giant cell response in the lungs of mice and rats duringNippostrongylus brasiliensisinfection were studied. Primary infections resulted in significantly increased numbers of recoverable giant cells for up to 30 and 50 days in rats and mice, respectively. During secondary infections in the rat the giant cell response was more rapid and greater in magnitude than in a primary infection, suggesting that it was immunologically mediated. The giant cells displayed decreased C3‐ and IgG‐dependent binding or phagocytic potential compared with mononucleate alveolar macrophages. Fusion of mononucleate alveolar macrophages into giant cells may therefore compromise complement and antibody dependent helminthocidal activity of these

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of the immunomodulating substance cyclosporin A (CyA) has been evaluated in mice infected withSchistosoma mansoni.Administration of CyA at the time of infection or during the schistosomulum stage resulted in failure of the larvae to develop into adult worms. However, a serological response was noted. Administration of CyA during the establishment of the adult worm stage resulted in a reduction of the worm burden as compared to non‐treated mice. The established worm pairs, however, seemed to be sterile since no eggs were demonstrated in the liver. Infection of mice with cercariae which had been exposed to CyAin vitroresulted in only a slight reduction of the worm burden for the highest concentration of CyA tested (100 μg/ml). The results of the study show that administration of CyAin vivoaffects the host‐parasite relationship in favour of the

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe potential sites of attrition of a challenge population of schistosomes have been investigated in mice, rats and guinea pigs vaccinated with irradiated cercariae ofSchistosoma mansoni, by the use of challenge regimens that permit sequential site elimination. Vaccinated mice showed significant immunity to a percutaneous cercarial challenge, but were only marginally resistant to an i.v. challenge with healthy lung stage worms. Vaccinated rats and guinea pigs differed from mice, in that they were able to mediate significant challenge attrition at post‐skin sites. Healthy lung worms were subject to immune elimination by rats in the lungs, or perhaps en route to the liver, but not in the liver itself. In contrast, guinea pigs had the capacity to kill challenge lung worms injected into either the lungs or the liver. Interestingly, lung worms harvested by extended incubation were shown to be sub‐optimal in terms of viability, since they were eliminated in significant numbers when injected i.v. into vaccinated mice. These data show that different hosts vaccinated in essentially the same manner differ in terms of their site potential for challenge attrition. It is emphasised however, that sites implicated by these experiments as having the capacity to mediate immune elimination are not necessarily the sites at which challenge attrition occurs under normal circumstan

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe tegumental membranes of adultSchistosoma mansonihave been isolated and purified and shown to function as potent immunogens; they elicit an essentially identical immune response in rabbits, rats and mice. Anti‐membrane antisera harvested from these animals consistently recognized common antigens, of relative molecular weight (mol. wt) 32000 and 20000, on the surface of young schistosomula, 5 day old lung worms and adult worm purified membranes. An additional molecule of 25 000 mol. wt was present on the surface of lung worms and adult worm membranes and was specifically recognised by serum from chronically infected mice and by serum from rabbits inoculated with adult worm purified membranes. The concept of antigenic identity between developmental stages that parasitize the mammalian host was further substantiated by the observation that anti‐membrane antiserum bound to live schistosomula, lung worms and adult parasites as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. In complement‐mediatedin vitrocytotoxicity assays, the sera from rabbits inoculated with either adult worm purified membranes, or the 32000 mol. wt antigen partially purified from adult worm membranes, mediated levels of schistosomula killing as high as those obtained with sera from chronically infected mice. These rabbit antisera also promoted eosinophil adherence and killing of newly transformed schistosomula, but lung stage parasites, despite binding the anti‐membrane antiserum, were refractory to both humoral and cellular cytotoxicity. The significance of antigenic identity is discussed in relation to the concept of concomitant i

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe relative resistance of C57BL/6 mice to infection withTrypanosoma congolenseas compared to A/J mice was found to be independent of the infective dose of trypanosomes and required an intact immune system, as sublethal levels of gamma irradiation abolished the differences in susceptibility between the two strains. C57BL/6 mice produced earlier and quantitatively superior antibody responses both to the variable surface glycoprotein and to common membrane antigens on the trypanosome than A/J mice. No difference was observed in the class of antibody produced. In parallel with the specific response, C57BL/6 mice also generated higher levels of antibody to an unrelated antigen (TNP) and developed higher levels of total serum IgM. However, despite the low levels of both specific antibody and antibody to TNP in A/J mice, these animals developed massive increases in total serum IgG2a. The role of this selective activation of IgG2a producing cells in the susceptibility of the A/J mice was unclear. Although susceptibility was closely correlated with specific antibody responses during infection, the two strains of mice showed a similar capacity to respond to fixed doses of irradiated trypanosomes. This indicates that an inherent difference in immune responsiveness to the trypanosomal antigens is not the major factor determining susceptibility. Moreover, the finding that a proportion of A/J mice which received infective and irradiated trypanosomes simultaneously showed depressed antibody responses to the trypanosome, suggests that active infection of A/J mice withT. congolenseimpairs their ability to initiate an appropriate immune response to the trypanosome.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMice from lines genetically selected for the production of either high or low affinity antibody to protein antigens and which differ in their susceptibility to chronic immune complex disease were infected withTrypanosoma musculi.The parasite became patent in both lines by day 5 and no significant differences in the levels of parasites during the infection were observed between the two lines. Serum levels of both antigen non‐specific andT. musculiantigen specific immune complexes were determined during the infection by the solid phase conglutinin and C1qbinding assays. In both lines, antigen non‐specific complexes were detected by day 15 after infection with maximum levels observed by day 30. At this time, low affinity line mice had significantly higher levels than did high line mice as determined by the C1qassay but not by the conglutinin assay. The deposition of immune complex like material in glomeruli, assessed by immunofluorescence, was associated with the clearance of the parasite and the presence of circulating antigen specific complexes. The pattern of localization of complexes in both lines was predominantly mesangial with some deposition in the capillaries. The intensity of fluorescence increased during the infection. Initially (day 10) only IgM was observed in the glomeruli but IgGl and IgG2b were detected from day 20 to day 40. IgG2a was only detected on day 40. However, in none of the animals was this deposition of complexes associated with proteinuria. Hence, the data presented here show that the low affinity line mice produce higher levels of smaller circulating complexes followingT. musculiinfection than do high affinity mice. However, this does not result in significant differences in localization and induction of renal disease as seen following chronic antigen inject

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY