摘要:

SUMMARYAs the significance of the eosinophilia which is found in some patients with chronic filarial infections is unknown, blood eosinophils were studied in seven patients with tropical (filarial) eosinophilia who had blood eosinophil counts between 5·2 and 56·6 × 109/1. In six of these patients over 20% of the eosinophils were vacuolated, and degranulated eosinophils were found in the three patients with the most severe illness. In four patients serum eosinophil cationic protein levels were raised, and serial studies in two showed that they returned to normal after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. In addition, an increased proportion of eosinophils in these patients were able to bind to complexed IgG suggesting that they were responding to stimuli in the blood, and in one patient the blood eosinophil half‐time clearance was prolonged. Labelled cells were cleared into the spleen, liver and bone marrow. These findings support the hypothesis that in patients with tropical (filarial) eosinophilia, blood eosinophils are induced to release their granule constituents into the circulation. It is suggested that these secretion products may interact with microfilariae, and may give rise to some of the clinical features of chronic filarial infect

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMice chronically infected withSchistosoma mansoniexhibited a significant resistance to a second infection with the same parasite, as demonstrated by their challenge worm burdens measured by portal perfusion. A decreased worm recovery was also exhibited by chronically infected mice when the challenge was administered intravenously using 3‐h schistosomula obtained by the isolated skin technique or using 5‐, 6‐, 7‐ and 9‐day‐old schistosomula obtained from the lungs ofinfected donor mice. Variable results were obtained with 10‐ and II‐day‐old forms, while schistosomula which were 12days old or older, did not undergo significant rejection when introduced into the mesenteric veins of preinfected mice. Attempts to analyse these phenomena using the‘lung assay’were made complicated by the observation that the day of maximum recovery from the lungs was dependent upon the

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMice which had developed immunity to reinfection withSchistosoma mansonifollowing exposure to 20 cercariae and mice which had been immunized against S.mansoniby exposure to 400 highly irradiated (20 krad) cercariae, were tested for their ability to resist a percutaneous cercarial challenge and an intravenous challenge with 5‐day‐old lung‐stage schistosomula derived from the same cercariae. Although both types of immune mice showed a marked resistance to a cercarial challenge, only the infected mice showed a comparable immunity to an intravenous challenge with lung schistosomula. These results confirm earlier studies which suggest that the major attrition of a cercarial challenge in infected mice occurs at the post‐lung stage, whilst the attrition of a challenge infection in mice immunized with highly irradiated cercariae takes place in the skin. They provide further evidence for two separate mechanisms of immunity against S.mansoni

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAfter the binding of IgG to the surface Fc receptor of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula, the Fab portions of IgG are cleaved and small peptides are liberated in the culture medium. At least two types of proteinase activities have been demonstrated in the secretory products of schistosomula. One is an endoprotease with trypsin‐like activity, with an optimum pH of 7 and an optimum temperature of 45°C. The other is a metalloaminopeptidase with an optimum pH of 7 and temperature of 37

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSusceptibility toLeishmania tropicawas studied in Biozzi‘high’(Ab/H) and‘low’(Ab/L) responder mice of Selections I and III which, although originally selected with heterologous erythrocytes and Salmonella flagellar antigens respectively, both show non‐specific separation of antibody responses. Ab/H Sel I rapidly develop large, ulcerated, progressive, non‐healing lesions (occasionally desseminating fatally) accompanied by rising serum antibody titres. Ab/L Sel I produce only small lesions, even with the largest infecting dose, which heal after 2 months with minimal antibody responses. Specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels found in both are normal and equivalent. (Ab/H × Ab/L)F1mice behave intermediately. A smaller inter‐line difference is only detectable in Sel III with lower infecting doses. Both Ab/L and Ab/H mice given high doses develop chronic non‐healing disease. These results imply that spontaneous resolution of cutaneousL. tropicalesions during the immune phase is independent of humoral antibody. While the great resistance and slower development of lesions found in Ab/L Sel I are entirely consistent with the macrophage‘hyperactivity’characteristic of the line, attempts to demonstrate thisin vitrowith comparisons of infected peritoneal exudate cells have be

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFollowing injection of liveVibrio choleraeinto the small intestine of rats, antibodies appear in the serum and mucus secretions associated with the intestinal surfaces. In contrast to oral immunization, single pulses given by this route cause primary and secondary agglutinating and vibriocidal antibody responses; they are slower to develop but similar to those induced by intravenous injection of 10‐fold lower doses of the organisms. However, the intestinal route of injection appears to favour local formation of agglutinating antibodies that are directly transferred to the mucus secretions; it is likely that these are of the sIgA class. Evidence has also been presented which suggests that intestinal injection causes formation of antibodies which inhibit agglutination ofV. choleraeby type‐specific antiserum; these inhibitory effects are eliminated if the reaction is carried out in the presence of diluted normal rabbit serum rather than sal

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFeline eosinophils and neutrophils readily adheredin vitroto the sheaths of microfilariae ofBrugia pahangiin the presence of suitable serum. Both cell types flattened along the surface of the parasite undergoing cytoplasmic changes which included degranulation. Adherence was dependent on properties of both the serum and the history of the microfilaria used. Two types of serum factor were found to mediate adherence. Heat labile factors were present in sera from infected and uninfected cats as well as in sera from other species. They were removed by preincubation of sera with zymosan suggesting that complement components were involved. This suggestion was supported by the demonstratior, of C3 on the surface of microfilariae participating in adherence reactions. A heat stable factor, present in the serum of less than 10% of infected cats, also mediated adherence. This factor was demonstrated to be IgG by immunoadsorption and immunofluorescence. The ability of the microfilariae to participate in the adherence reaction mediated by complement factor varied with maturation of the parasite. Microfilariae obtained directly from the uteri of adult worms, or producedin vitro, did not possess the ability to participate in adherence. Young blood microfilariae (i.e. taken from the blood of cats recently patent) were similar to thein vitroproduced parasites; however, the majority of blood microfilariae from infections of greater than three weeks patency participated in this form of adherence. No difference between blood and uterinelinvitromicrofilariae was seen in adherence reactions mediated by heat stable antibody.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY