ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo define the potential role of antibody in host defence againstGiardia muris, comparative assessment of in‐vitro anti‐trophozoite effects of immune serum obtained from susceptible (A/J) and resistant (BI0.A) mice was done. Two anti‐parasite effects of serum were identified and quantified: lysis and immobilization of trophozoites. These giardicidal activities were present in the serum from both A/J and BlO.A mice. Maximal lysis of trophozoites by serum from A/J or B1O.A mice was 40 to 50. The lysis of trophozoites was abolished after incubation of serum at 56 C for 30 min. The addition of exogenous complement restored lytic activity of heat‐inactivated serum. The immobilization of trophozoites was dependent on both the duration of incubation and concentration of serum. After 30 min of incubation, over 98 of trophozoites were immobilized by immune serum from A/J or B1O.A mice. There was no apparent relationship between the capacity of immune sera from A/J and BI0.A mice to kill trophozoites in uitro and the ability of these strains of mice to control the infection with

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe phagocytosis ofTrypanosoma cruziblood forms by mouse peritoneal macrophages is significantly enhanced by sera from chronic chagasic patients, rabbits and mice presenting ‘lytic antibodies’ (LA) which are associated with resistance and active infections as well as ‘conventional serology antibodies’ (CSA) which are immunoglobulins involved in the positivity of serological diagnostic tests. The phagocytosis rate, however, is not influenced by sera from mice immunized withT. cruziantigen or chagasic patients submitted to specific treatment, both displaying only CSA but not LA. The efficacy of LA in increasing phagocytosis is related to their ability to bind to epitopes of living trypomastigotes, a property lacking in CSA that bind only to fixed parasites. This phenomenon is apparently the reason for the low effectiveness of antigens used for vaccination in Chagas' disease which only induce CSA, immunoglobulins apparently unable to mediate a number of regular effector immune mechanisms such as complement‐mediated lysis, antibody‐dependent cell cytotoxicity and p

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBone marrow‐derived cultured mast cells (BMMC) were transferred intravenously into W/Wvmice to examine if they could reconstitute defective mucosal mast cell response or defective protective capacity against infection withStrongyloides ratti.When mast cell growth factor‐producing activity of W/Wvmice were examined, mesenteric lymph node cells obtained at 7 to 14 days after infection could produce this factorin vitroby stimulation withS. ratti‐adult worm antigen. A single injection of BMMC (1 ± 107) on day 7 post‐infection (p.i.) neither caused an increase in number of intestinal mucosal mast cells not altered the kinetics of faecal larval output (LPG). On the other hand, serial injections of BMMC (5 ± 106) from day 5 to 10 p.i. (total 3 ± 107cells) resulted in the significant increase in number of intestinal mucosal mast cells. However, this treatment too could not alter the kinetics of LPG. Therefore, adoptive transfer of BMMC could cause the increase in number of histologically detectable‐mucosal mast cells, but these cells are, by themselves, not sufficient to cause the expulsion ofS. rattiadult worms from t

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA surface enriched fraction was prepared from adults ofOnchocerca volvulusby brief extraction of entire worms with detergent. This was then gel filtered to yield a low molecular weight fraction which functioned specifically in ELISA analysis. An identical result was also obtained when the related cattle parasite,O. gibsoni, was similarly fractionated and tested. The low molecular weight fraction contained at least four antigenic components when examined by coprecipitation and immunoblotting studies. One ml of packed worms yielded sufficient low molecular weight antigen to examine about 2000 human sera by the ELISA procedure, and the test was sensitive at human serum dilutions down to 1/400. A preliminary study with individual sera from Onchocerciasis endemic and non‐endemic areas of Southern Mexico yielded 0/24 false positives, 3/24 false negatives and a significant ELISA value in 21/24 sera from proven cases of Onchocerciasi

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA set of cross‐reactive antigens is described which are present in somatic extracts and in‐vitro secretions of the filarial nematodesBrugia pahangiandB. malayi.A monoclonal antibody reactive with a repeating epitope on these molecules readily detects circulating antigen in the serum of animals infected with lymphatic filariae, using either an immunoradiometric assay or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This epitope has the immunological reactivity and chemical characteristics of the phosphorylcholine (PC) hapten. The anti‐PC monoclonal has been used to define the antigens bearing this epitope, and in chromatographic studies on material from extracts ofBrugiaadult worms, a heterogeneous profile of PC‐positive molecules are found. In sera fromBrugia‐infected jirds, an antigen with a native molecular weight of approximately 500000 is observed, which displays limited sensitivity to protease degradation. However, denatured samples on Western blots show a major parasite circulating antigen of Mr90000. The detection of this antigen in the presence of excess host antibody is also demonstrated, taking advantage of the stability of the target epitope to a range of treatments designed to dissociate and eliminate immun

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGroups of jirds (Meriones unguiculatus), multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis) and golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with third stage larvae (L3) ofDipetaloneam viteaeand the course of infection was followed until 20 weeks post infection. Worm growth was best and microfilaraemia was high and long lasting in jirds and in multimammate rats, whereas golden hamsters were poor hosts as measured by these parameters. The IgG and IgM antibody responses of the species were compared by immunoblotting and ELISA using proteins ofD. viteae, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The levels of antibodies against most proteins of high molecular weight declined during infection in jirds and in multimammate rats, whereas an increase was observed in golden hamsters. In contrast, several antigens of low molecular weight induced increasing antibody levels in all species. Species specific antigen recognition was observed for a number of protein bands of L3, microfilariae and female worms. The data suggest that susceptibility to immunesuppression and the species specific pattern of antigen recognition might determine the qualities of a rodent species as host forD. vitea

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAfter severalin vitrotreatments of a virulent population ofLeishmania majorwith the mutagen,N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), five clones (vir‐) were obtained that did not produce cutaneous lesions after subcutaneous injection of 106promastigotes. All the control clones (vir+) obtained from the non‐mutagenized parasite population produced progressive cutaneous lesions with as few as 103parasites. Late lesions were observed occasionally after injection of 107vir‐parasites. These late lesions appeared to result from the selection of virulent revertants, since parasites isolated from these lesions produced progressive lesions in BALB/c mice almost as readily as the control parasites.Two vir‐clones, one vir+clone and one revertant clone were examined for survival in BALB/c macrophagesin vitro.All clones were taken up by the macrophages and transformed into amastigotes. However, vir‐clones failed to multiply inside the macrophages.A vir‐clone was found to protect mice against a subsequent challen

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn the present work we demonstrate that hamsters infected withL. donovanieliminate large quantities of immunoglobulins in the urine. This alteration is clearly a consequence of a conspicuous immune complex glomerulonephritis readily detectable 7 days after the beginning of infection.L. donovaniantigens and hamsters immunoglobulins (Igs) were revealed as granular deposits in the mesangial areas and contiguous loops of the glomeruli.Histopathological alterations such as focal mesangial proliferation with progression to diffuse proliferation were observed in the first 3 weeks of infection. From day 35 onwards, all diseased animals presented large deposits of amyloid material of predominantly glomerular localization.In consonance with these alterations, Igs were detected in the urine by day 21 of infection and their concentration increased substantially with the progression of disease. In contrast, serum Igs increased until day 21, when their concentration dropped steadily.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe growth ofLeishmania majorandLeishmania mexicanalesions and the concomitant development of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to homologous or heterologous soluble antigen was studied in BALB/c and CBA/Ca mice. Although CBA/Ca mice are highly susceptible toL. mexicana, developing non‐healing lesions, they are resistant toL. major; while BALB/c mice develop non‐healing lesions when infected with either species. The development of resistance was associated with the acquisition of DTH which peaked at 48 h (L. majorinfected CBA/Ca mice). Non healing lesions were associated with either negative DTH (L. majorinfected BALB/c mice) or DTH that peaked at 24 h but had significantly subsided by 48 h (L. mexicanainfected CBA Ca and BALB/c mice). The latter response was associated with basophilic infiltration of the skin test site. Pre‐irradiating (600 rad) CBA/Ca and BALB/c mice induced resistance againstL. mexicanaandL. majorrespectively in conjunction with the appearance of 48 h DTH to the homologous antigen. There was clear dissociation in the skin reactivity produced by the heterologous antigen. ThusL. major‐derived antigen failed to produce DTH inL. mexicanainfected mice of either strain.L. mexicana‐derived antigen on the other hand produced a quicker response and of greater magnitude than the homologous antigen inL. majorinfected CBA/Ca mice. This correlated well with the strong cross‐immunity induced byL. majorin these mice toL. mexi

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY