ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum and cells, collected from mice immunized by infection either with newborn larvae (NBL) or per os with infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis, were passively transferred to mice which were challenged with NBL. Serum always gave very strong protection if given before challenge but not if given within 2 h after challenge. Cells from mice immunized with NBL also gave good protection, whereas those from mice immunized per os did not. If NBL were incubated in serum from immunized mice their infectivity was reduced, but if the serum was pre‐absorbed with NBL this effect was lost. Such absorbed serum did not confer immunity on recipient mic

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper describes experiments which demonstrated that the survival of Nematospiroides dubius was severely impaired in mice treated with immune serum. CFLP donor mice were given a series of infections ranging from 25 to 200 infective larvae, at weekly intervals for 6 weeks. The mice were treated with anthelmintic on day 21 and/or day 28 to prevent the accumulation of lethal numbers of parasites in the intestine, and were bled between day 42 and day 49. Female NIH recipient mice were given a total of 2.0–2.5 ml of immune serum i.p., in several separate smaller doses at various times in relation to the day of infection. Between the administration of immune serum begun during the first 4 days of infection and the animals being killed within the next 3 weeks, the mice harboured fewer worms than control animals, the worms were stunted and their fecundity was greatly reduced. Furthermore, these worms were subsequently lost from the intestines of treated mice, during and after the fourth week of infection. These effects on N. dubius were not observed when mice were given normal serum nor when immune serum was administered after day 6 of infection. The delayed rejection of adult worms from mice treated with immune serum is of particular significance and suggests that immune serum contained factors which facilitated the expression of a second component in worm expulsion not normally effective in a primary infection. The possible immunological mechanisms underlying these findings are discussed and related to the immunosuppression which N. dubius is known to induce in the hos

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ‘arc 5’ precipitin band, formed when test human serum is reacted against immunoelectrophoresed hydatid cyst fluid antigen, has provided a positive diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection. These antibodies to ‘arc 5’ antigen have now been found in the sera of sheep. They appear 2 weeks after infection with Taenia ovis, after 3 weeks with T. hydatigena and after 16 weeks with E. granulosus.An antigen similar to the ‘arc 5’ antigen of E. granulosus cyst fluid was also demonstrated in cyst fluid from T. hydatigena, but it could not be positively identified in T. ovis cyst fluid. The presence of ‘arc 5’ in immunoelectrophoresis tests is not suitable for specific immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infections in sheep in New Zealand.‘Arc 5’ antibodies were only associated with living E. granulosus cysts and were not present if cysts were dead. The location of the cysts in either liver or lungs and the onset of brood capsule production did not influence the presence of

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryB lymphocyte function was assessed in outbred nude mice and nu/+ controls infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. On day 10 of the infection in outbred nu/nu mice in which the initial wave of parasites was strongly controlled, B cell function was unaltered or enhanced compared with uninfected animals or infected nu/+. In other nu/nu mice unable to control the initial parasitaemia, thymidine incorporation and Ig secretion by spleen cells were increased on day 10 and their response to lipopolysaccharide in vitro negated. By day 15 however, even the spleen cells of infected nu/nu which controlled the initial wave of parasites were proliferating and secreting Ig on removal from the mice and they were unable to respond to LPS in vitro.These experiments confirm results of a previous study of B cell function in T cell‐depleted mice (Askonas et al. 1979). T. b. brucei infection of mice causes both enhanced Ig production and suppression of the ability of B cells to respond to mitogen even in the absence of T cells, but the presence of T cells may accelerate the changes which occur in B lymphocytes following this infectio

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPVG/c rats, infected 3 days previously with 103Trypanosoma brucei brucei S.42 organisms failed to develop adjuvant disease in response to an intradermal inoculation of mycobacterial adjuvant. By contrast, similarly infected rats, immunized with heterologous brain and spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant with pertussis vaccine as a secondary adjuvant, developed clinical signs of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) at least as severe as those in uninfected rats.Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to PPD were depressed in trypanosome‐infected, adjuvant‐injected rats, as were the reactions to myelin basic protein in infected rats developing EAE. There appeared to be no cross‐reactivity between trypanosomal antigen and myelin basic protein which could account for the lack of suppression of EAE.It is suggested that the different extent to which autoimmunity is involved in these two experimental allergic diseases may account for the differential suppressive activity of trypanosome infections upon

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChanges in phagocytic and adherent cell numbers were compared during the course of infections of mice with Plasmodium yoelii (Py) and P. berghei (Pb) and in vaccinated mice challenged with homologous parasites.Nucleated cells in the spleen increased in number in Py‐infected mice and were maximal at the time of recovery. The number of phagocytic cells increased in parallel, as did the number of blood leucocytes. Rates of increase were accelerated in vaccinated mice. Changes in Pb‐infected mice resembled controls and blood leucocytes showed no consistent increase. In infected mice, the number of spleen and bone marrow cells which adhered to plastic rose above normal. At some stages of infection, cells which did not adhere in 24 h did so in 72 h. Such late‐adhering cells, which resembled macrophages in morphology, were most numerous at the time of recovery. They appeared to be derived from monocyte precursors which matured in culture. Sometimes cells adherent at 24 h suppressed the development of the late‐adhering population. Silica inactivated these suppressive macrophages but did not affect the precursors which developed into late‐adhering cells. It is concluded that malarial infection stimulates the production of precursors of the macrophage‐monocyte series and that their development is regulated by the presence of mature

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn acidic proteolytic enzyme which digests host haemoglobin can be isolated and purified from schistosomes. This small glycoprotein is an allergen which sensitizes the host, as shown by immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These are specific for either Schistosoma haematobium or S. mansoni and can be demonstrated by mast cell degranulation in mice or by intradermal skin tests in monkeys.Although high levels of total IgE may be found in acute and chronic schistosomiasis, there was no evident relationship between the worm burden in monkeys and immediate hypersensitivity reactions to either purified enzyme or crude schistosomal extracts. It is suggested that an in vivo correlation between worm burden and manifestations of the allergic response may be perturbed by high titres of non‐specific IgE or other homocytotropic antibodies, thus accounting for false negative skin test reactions. Alternatively, a return to low or subnormal IgE levels may allow the restoration of the allergic response, giving rise to false positive reactions.Purified schistosomal antigens offer certain advantages over crude skin test preparations in terms of uniformity of antigen content, dosage and specificity. In addition, the enzyme may represent a species‐specific tool for new immunochemical analyses of schistosomia

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY