ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a chronic, progressive, immune deficiency disease, the most severe phase of which is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a newly characterized human retrovirus transmitted only by direct exposure to blood or blood derivatives, certain acts of sexual intercourse, or transfer from infected mother to fetus or infant. In this article the author reviews the most important current epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic information about HIV and HIV disease and provides a factual framework for understanding the issues created by the epidemic.

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) crisis is affecting greater numbers of people, and counselors are being called upon to work with this population. Counseling roles have expanded, and counselors have been thrust into the medical, social service, and political spheres. In this article the authors describe the role of the counselor in the era of AIDS; psychological reactions to a chronic, stigmatized, and ultimately fatal illness; and the special needs of specific populations (gay men, families and friends of gay men, gay youth, significant others, people of color, heterosexual women and lesbians, college students, substance abusers, and the “worried well”). The authors also examine the effects of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) illness and AIDS on the care giver. Counseling interventions are described throughout the arti

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) education is the only effective method of reducing the transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) disease. The authors of this article compare the AIDS epidemic to past epidemics, including social and political responses. Populations at risk for HIV infection are identified, and the authors discuss current social and economic factors affecting AIDS education programs. Recommendations are made and resources are identified for starting a community‐based AIDS education progra

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article the authors encourage counselors and other human development professionals to provide HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) prevention programming that is sensitive to the social and cultural contexts of the specific group(s) addressed. The focus is on four groups that have been both the target for societal oppression and dramatically affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic: women, gay and bisexual men, African Americans, and Latinos. First, information is provided to help professionals become more aware of the social and cultural contexts of behavior related to HIV and AIDS prevention in the four groups named. Second, four recommendations are made to assist professionals to sensitively apply that awareness to the planning and implementing of HIV and AIDS prevention programming. Four exemplar programs illustrate the implementation of these recommendations.

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The publication of the first counseling articles addressing confidentiality limits of clients who have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and continue to be sexually active with an uninformed partner occurred 4 years ago. Since that time, dialogue about whether a helping professional may ethically and legally breach confidentiality has not resolved the dilemma but instead has created more questions and controversy for counselors. In this article the authors highlight the barrage of ethical issues regarding HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AlDS), review ethical and legal guidelines pertaining to HIV and AIDS and confidentiality, summarize HIV and AIDS confidentiality policies of the major helping professional organizations, articulate questions that contribute to the confidentiality dilemmas, and challenge the American Counseling Association (ACA), formerly the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD), to develop specific guidelines for counselors.

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors of the articles in this special feature confront the most important and challenging questions about the current educational and counseling issues related to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). As educators and counselors, we must look closely at both the characteristics and determinants of human behavior, direct our efforts at both individuals and their communities, work respectfully in all communities to produce humane change, and foster self‐esteem for all individuals and group pride in all communities. Education and counseling will become critically cross‐linked in effective progr

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Coinciding with the recent growth of professional interest in relationship counseling has been the emergence of important research on the cognitive processes of persons in close relationships. In this article the author reviews selected findings from this literature, which illuminate the attributional, self‐evaluation, and self‐verification processes of participants in close relationships, and discusses their implications for the counseling of distressed coup

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Occurring in about 12% of postpartum women, postpartum depression has been the focus of considerable research. Variables that have been correlated with postpartum depression range from biological causes, to lack of social support, to relationship with husband, to attributional styles, to psychodynamic explanations. There is a need for a more circumscribed operational definition of the syndrome and norming of depression measures. It is also important to assess each person individually and to design interventions that focus on particular contributive factors.

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alcohol expectancies are the anticipated outcomes of consuming alcohol. In this study, a variety of alcohol expectancies were found to discriminate between problem‐ and non‐problem‐drinking college students. In addition, the author discovered that the expectancy profile that distinguished female problem drinkers from female nonproblem drinkers was relatively distinct from the profile that separated these types of drinkers among men. The alcohol expectancy with the strongest discriminating value among the women was “arousal and power,” whereas for the men it was “physical and social pleasure.” The author discusses the implications of these findings for counseling problem‐drinkin

ISSN:0748-9633    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY