摘要:

AbstractGoldfish,Carassius auratus(L.), were intraperitoneally injected with two doses ofIchthyophthirius multifiliis(each containing 2.3 × 106live tomites) in saline, 30 days apart. The control fish were injected with saline only. Two weeks after the last vaccination, fish of both groups were intradermally injected with 2.5 × 105live tomites for skin tests. The skin at the antigen‐injected site of the vaccinated fish increased in thickness from 8 h onwards and reached a peak at 24 h. Histological study showed a heavy infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes at the antigen‐injected site. In contrast, no such changes were encountered in control fish. The migration area of pronephros cells from the vaccinated fish was significantly inhibited,in vitro, compared to controls with the presence of antigens. These findings suggest that the tomite‐vaccinated fish produced a cell‐mediated immune response. However, vaccinated fish also exhibited significantly higher titres of immobilizing antibodies in their sera and mucus than the controls. Therefore, it is likely that both humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses have to work closely together to eliminate the infectious tomites ofI. multifiliiswhich succeed in penetrating the fish epithel

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nitrocellulose‐enzyme immunoassay (NC‐EIA) employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was developed for the detection of yellow‐head virus in the tissues of infected penaeid shrimp. Two substrates, DAB (3,3¢‐diaminobenzidine retrahydrochloride) and TMB (3,3¢5,5¢‐tetramethylbenzidine) for HRP were evaluated. The TMB was found to produce a more distinct and easily recognizable colour product and provided enhanced sensitivity (0.4 ng for TMB versus 0.8 ng viral protein for DAB). Under the present format, the NC‐EIA was capable of detecting as little as 100 TCID50of virus in infected tissues. Uninfected tissue homogenates yielded no significant backgrou

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new myxosporean,Myxobolus bulbocordissp. nov., has been found in the heart of a Mesopotamian fish,Barbus sharpeyi(Günther), in rivers in Southwest Iran. Cysts containing matured spores were located on the serosa of the atrium cordis, bulbus arteriosus, larger gill arteries and inside the wall of the bulbus. The species showed an affinity to connective tissue cells and was never associated with the muscles. Mature cysts were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule composed of two to three layers. Spores in disrupted cysts were infiltrated by epithelioid cells and macrophages. The spores found inBarbus sharpeyidiffered in size and morphology from species known from other barbels

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA collection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolated in five provinces of eastern Canada was analysed by an antigen‐coated immunosorbent assay and by neutralization tests using selected monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Relevant antigenic sites of the two major capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3, were simultaneously compared. The A1 serotype was predominant and no significant variations of VP2 epitopes were observed. However, two subtypes could be distinguished on the basis of one or two epitopes on VP3. Other serotypes such as A6, A7 or A8 have been detected in piscicultures of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The antigenic characterization of IPNV strains appears of interest for epidemiological studie

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral strains of Garm‐positive short rod (coccibacilli)‐shaped bacteria were isolated from diseased cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), in the North of Spain with lesions and signs of Spain with lesions and signs of streptocecosis. The α‐haemolytic streptoceoccus‐like organisms from diseased turbot were identified by physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis asStreptococcus parauberis.This is the first report ofS. parauberisassociated with fish

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnterococcus seriolicidastrains were divided into two groups, agglutinating and nonagglutinating, by a slide agglutination test using antiserum against the YT‐3 strain. Intraperitoneal injection of agglutinating and nonagglutinating strains into yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiataTemminck&Schlegel, revealed that nonagglutinating strains were more virulent than agglutinating strains. Two nonagglutinating and highly pathogenic strains SS91–014 and SS91–092 were subcultured 30 times in brain heart infusion broth, and the agglutination titres of 50 colonies from subcultures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26 and 30 against anti‐YT‐3 serum were determined. Transformation from a nonagglutinating (1:<4) to an agglutinating (1: ≥4) pattern was first observed at the sixteenth subculture, and the ratio of agglutinating to nonagglutinating substrains rose until the thirtieth subculture. At this time, 70% of the SS91–014 population and 52% of the SS91–092 population were transformed to an agglutinating pattern. When the pathogenicity of four transformed substrains with different agglutination titres was tested in yellowtail, the nonagglutinating substrain showed higher pathogenicity than the agglutinating substrains, but no relationship between LD50values and the agglutination titres of transformed substrains was observed. The pathogenicity ofE. seriolicidaappears to be related to the agglutination pattern, although it was not demonstrated that this property is solely responsible fo

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStandard soybean meal, heat treated to differing degrees and containing varying levels of soybean lectin and trypsin inhibitor, was used to study the effect of soybean‐containing diets on the morphology of the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL. A reference diet based on fish meal and a fish meal diet mixed with an alcohol extract of soybean meal were used. The fish (145 g) were kept in 27 m3net pens (200 fish per pen) in sea water with an average temperature of 11 °C for 12 weeks. Whereas a normal morphology of the distal intestine was seen in the fish fed the reference diet, all soybean diets caused alterations in the distal intestine irrespective of heat treatment. Similar changes were observed with the diet which had added alcohol solubles. It is concluded that alcohol‐soluble components in the soybeans are responsible for the observed changes. It cannot be determined which of the soybean antinutrients is causing the alterations from the present study. Oligosaccharides and saponines are possible candidates. However, the possibility that unknown antinutrients are affecting the salmon intestine should not be overlo

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of comparative immunohisto‐chemical staining studies with two lectin probes, GS‐I and SBA, and five monoclonal antibodies raised against the PKX myxosporean are presented. In order to investigate the postulated link between PKX andSphaerosporaspp., the lectins and monoclonal antibodies were tested against PKX,Sphaerospora renicola, Sphaerospora oncorhynchi, Sphaerospora elegam, Sphaerospora truttaeandSphaero‐sporasp. from Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL., andCeratomyxa shasta.SBA appears a useful tool for tbe diagnosis of allSphaerosporaspp. infections and was also positive forC. shasta. GS‐I and monoclonal antibodies (12, C5, D4 and A3) appear to be specific for both the extrasporogonic and sporogonic stages of PKX. Although MabB4 was raised to PKX, it appears to stain some of the sporogonic stages ofSphaerosporaspp. but notC. shasta.The results of the lectin and monoclonal staining of PKX andSphaerospora oncorhynchiindicated that further work was required to prove or disprove the hypothesis that PKX andS, oncorhynchiare the same o

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in fish, has been shown to become non‐culturable but viable after inoculation in fresh water. The onset of non‐culturability is entirely predictable, but can be delayed by inoculation at high concentration or amendment with nutrients. This paper reports that non‐culturability can be postponed by the addition of both the amino acids methionine and arginine to microcosms inoculated withA. salmonicida.During these experiments,A. salmonicidadecreased in cell size and became rounded. This was regardless of whether it received an amino acid supplement or not. We observed that cells receiving both amino acids remained culturable despite their reduction in cell size to less than 1 μm. Therefore, it would appear that the reduction in size and associated morphological change cannot be taken as an indicator of non‐culturability, although it may be a significant step in that direction in so

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA mycosis in larval tiger prawn,Penaeus monodonFabricius, is described for the first time from India. The hyphae ofLagenidium callinectesare contorted, irregularly branched, sparingly septate, and contain a cell wall and membrane, vacuoles, mito chondria, ribosomes, small and large vesicles, and Woronin bodies. The spores occur singly or in pairs. The fungal mycelium may either invade and embed itself in the tissues, or alternatively, replace all the muscle tissues of the infected larvalP. monodon.Fungus infected, untreated populations of nauplii, zoea and myksis exhibited mortalities of 5.33 ± 0.55%, 24.68 ± 4.58% and 47.89 ± 0.27%, respectively. A 0.5 ppm treatment with trifluralin significantly reduced the mortality of infected larval populations (i.e. 1.1% nauplii, 3.28% zoea and 5.21% myksis mortality).Lagenidiumsp. exhibited growth in potato dextrose agar medium and in Sabouraud's agar at 28

ISSN:0140-7775    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY