摘要:

Solvay conferences aim to have two main characteristics. In planning them, our Scientific Council first chooses a unifying theme to link together diversified lines of scientific research, in which recent advances have been rapid. Leading scientists concerned with these advances are then invited from all over the world to Brussels, to present their successes—and their difficulties—to one another and to a small audience also specially invited. As is well known, spearhead advances in modern science must concentrate their attack on a fairly narrow front to make effective progress. But this very concentration often leads to a spread of advances in widely separated directions, like the fingers of a starfish. Those moving along one finger of the star can be wastefully ignorant about the other fingers. At Solvay conferences, by bringing experts in different lines together, our purpose is to encourage cross-communication of suggestive ideas and to promote mutual borrowing of scientific techniques. Measured by size, compared with very large scientific conferences now organized all over the world, Solvay conferences remain an “elitist” mode of scientific communication, in the sense that the number of invited experts is deliberately kept rather small, and that abundant time is provided for discussions. Discussion proceedings are fully recorded and their subsequent publication in book form is of course read by a much greater number of scientists afterwards.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107708084727

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Les philisophes grecs avaient déjà pressenti l'importance de l'eau, comme indispensable à la vie, měme s'ils ne savaient pas encore que l'eau recouvre de loin la plus grande partie de la terre et constitue près des 7/10 en poids des ětres vivants. Depuis le début du siècle dernier, on savait déjà que beaucoup de propriétés de l'eau différaient des propriétés de tous les autres liquides connus à l'époque. Mais il a fallu attendre la fin du 19ème siècle et l'acceptation générale de la notion de molécules, c'est, c'est-à-dire de la conception discontinue de la matière, pour voir apparaǐtre les premiers essais de l'inter prétation de ces propriétés par une “structure” particulière de l'eau liquide.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107708084728

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The last decade has witnessed a rather spectacular revival the field of aqueous electrolyte solutions; new theories and models have been proposed, precise and systematic studies of thermodynamic and transport properties have been acumulating, many spectral techniques, such as IR, RAMAN, NMR, ESR, X-ray and neutron scattering, have been applied successfully to water and aqueous solutions giving a better insight into the molecular nature of solute-solvent interactions.1-5Though this progress has been brought about partly by the improvements in experimental techniques, by the interest generated in related fields, such as analytical chemistry and biochemistry, and by the needs created through problems of pollution and desalination of sea water, it also owes much to the insight and enthusiasm of scientists such as Henry Frank, who this year is celebrating his 70th anniversary.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107708084729

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the past 20 years or so one of the regions of conspicuous growth in the field of physical chemistry has been the study of the structure and behaviour of water and aqueous solutions. There are practical reasons, for example technical and biological, for this interest, but it is also true that the complexity of water as a liquid provides its own motive to the rcsearch worker. It is unlikely that we would spend so much time in the study of water if it were as simple a liquid as Argon. However, strange though the behaviour of liquid water is, it is probably not as strange as it has sometimes been thought to be. The thermal “anomalies” of water and the abnormal “Poly-water” Seem rather likely to fade out of the scientific scene, as have other stimulating but nonviable scientific myths.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107708084730

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor