ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Children who fail at school are often classified as retarded or as ‘dull’ on the basis of their IQ. We question the usefulness of this distinction. We review the ‘Isle of Wight’ studies and argue that most differences reported between retarded readers and dull readers may be explained by fairly general principles, among which are a ceiling effect on the reading scores and the different reading score distribution of boys and girls. It is suggested that the distinction between retarded and dull readers be ab

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00948.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of everyday use of mathematics by working youngsters in commercial transactions in Recife, Brazil, revealed computational strategies different from those taught in schools. Performance on mathematical problems embedded in real‐life contexts was superior to that on school‐type word problems and context‐free computational problems involving the same numbers and operations. Implications for education are exa

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to analyse developmental changes in the social games played by mothers and children during normal home activities; (b) to examine how mother's linguistic production during game episodes could be related to the child's pattern of language acquisition.Three mother‐child dyads were followed longitudinally for a 12‐month period starting when the children were 6 months old. Thirty‐minute observation sessions were carried out one in 20 days on average during a free‐play situation in the family environment. Videotapes were segmented into interaction episodes defined as games, and a distinction was made between conventional and non‐conventional games. Results were analysed in terms of both developmental changes and individual differences in characteristics of play behaviour. In all dyads, conventional games increased in significant linear fashion between 6 and 12 months of age and children became increasingly able to play an active role in them. The three dyads also showed consistent differences in some aspects of play behaviour as well as in mothers' style of linguistic production during game episodes and in children's rate of language acquisition. The role of early conventional games in assisting the child's transition to language is

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study investigated the extent to which two groups of blind children were able to use tactual picture information to improve memory performance for auditorily presented texts. Adventitiously blind children demonstrated significant increases in amount recalled with illustrated presentation, showing improved recall of information represented in both the text and the picture. For congenitally blind children, the pictures also produced increased recall of pictorial information, but this was at the expense of recall of non‐pictorial information represented in the text onl

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The maternal behaviour of 105 teenage mothers ranging in age from 16 to 22 years was studied in order to identify characteristic interactions and the relationship of these with the mothers' age, their knowledge of child development and their maturity of expectations about parental roles. The mothers' age, knowledge of child development, and maturity of expectations were related to their interactive behaviours. Younger teenage mothers had correspondingly less knowledge of child development, less mature expectations of the maternal role and tended to be more ‘controlling’ and ‘non‐verbal’; older teenage mothers had more knowledge of child development and tended to be more ‘reciprocal’ and ‘stimulating’ in their interactions with infants. Mental health implications for teenage parenting, child care and social pol

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has indicated that children below the age of 4 years are more likely to judge liquid quantity on the basis of the relative fullness of two containers than on the heights of the liquid columns. Two experiments are reported that investigated this phenomenon further in the context of judgements of liquid inequality. When relative fullness information was available children below the age of 4 years performed significantly better than children above that age. An explanation that young children use a relative fullness rule is contrasted with an explanation based on stimulus salience. It is argued that young children do not use a single strategy but rather that their judgements are determined by salient stimulus dimensions.

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY