摘要:

The HIV Blood Donor Study Group includes: American National Red Cross Principal Investigator: Alan Williams, Ph.D., Jerome H. Holland Laboratory; Regional Principal Investigators: Ronald Altman, M.D., New Jersey State Department of Health; Gary Becker, M.D., Badger Region, American Red Cross; Jean Bernarducci, M.T., Bergen Community Blood Center; Michael Busch, M.D., Ph.D., Irwin Memorial Blood Center; Nancy Clary, M.T., North Jersey Blood Center; Jeffery Davis, M.D., Division of Health, State of Wisconsin; Frederick Darr, M.D., Washington Region, American Red Cross; Alfred Grindon, M.D., Atlanta Region, American Red Cross; Steven Kleinman, M.D., Los Angeles‐Orange County Region, American Red Cross; Harold Lamberson, M.D., Ph.D., Syracuse Region, American Red Cross; Bruce Lenes, M.D., Miami Region, American Red Cross; Jay Menitove, M.D., The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin; Jose Molinaris, M.D., Puerto Rico Region, American Red Cross; Paul Ness, M.D.; Chesapeake Region, American Red Cross; Cathy Raevsky, B.A., Colorado Department of Health; Paul Holland, M.D., Center for Blood Research, Sacramento Medical Foundation; A. William Shafer, M.D., Southeastern Michigan Chapter, American Red Cross; William Sherwood, M.D., Pennsylvania/Jersey Region, American Red Cross; Cladd Stevens, M.D., New York Blood Center; Hope Vaughan, M.T., Central Jersey Blood Center; Regional Study Coordinators: Ellen Arnold, R.N., Pennsylvania/Jersey Region, American Red Cross; Diane E. Donovan, R.N., Syracuse Region, American Red Cross; Debra Kessler, R.N., M.S., New York Blood Center; Marleine Harper, R.N., Chesapeake Region, American Red Cross; Julie Hernandez, R.N., Miami Region, American Red Cross; Toni Ksell, New Jersey Department of Health; Shirley McElfresh, R.N., Southeastern Michigan Region, American Red Cross; Mary Kay Myers, Colorado Department of Health; Anna Montgomery, R.N., New Jersey Department of Health; Margo Nason, R.N., Irwin Memorial Blood Center; Juan Sanchez, M.D., Puerto Rico Region, American Red Cross; Georgine Schulze, M.T., The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin; Marilyn Shahan, Washington, D.C. Region, American Red Cross; Stacey Stephenson, M.P.H., Atlanta Region, American Red Cross; Jeanne Theobald, R.N., Sacramento Medical Foundation Blood Center; Diana Wilke, R.N., Los Angeles‐Orange County Region, American Red Cross.From January 1988 to September 1989, 209 HIV‐1 seropositive male blood donors who reported sex with men were interviewed at 20 U.S. blood centers. Most (59%) were Black or Hispanic and self‐identified as bisexual (30%) or heterosexual (25%). During the year before their last donation, 73% of homosexually, 62% of bisexually, and 29% of heterosexually identified men had engaged in unprotected anal sex with men. Overall, few had ties to gay communities; however, 24% of bisexually and 58% of heterosexually identified men had female primary partners. There were no racial/ethnic differences in gender of partners in the last year, although Blacks were more likely to identify themselves as bisexual (44%) and Hispanics as heterosexual (34%). These data suggest the need to target prevention efforts at men having unprotected sex with male or female partners, regardless of sexual identity, and to examine social network and cultural influences affecting sexual behavior and sexual identity.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551630

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lifetime sexual behaviors were examined among 206 male and female runaway adolescents aged 11–18 in New York City who were predominantly Black or Hispanic. Most youths experienced oral, anal or vaginal sex with opposite‐sex partners (84%), began to engage in these heterosexual activities at a relatively young age (M= 12.9 years), and used condoms inconsistently or not at all (56%). Among sexually active youths, males initiated heterosexual activity at a significantly earlier age than females, reported more opposite‐sex partners, and had a higher prevalence rate of trading sex for money or drugs. These findings indicate specific areas for targeting AIDS prevention programs for runaway youths.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551631

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between perceived attributes of the contraceptive sponge and use of this innovative method. Data were collected from a national sample of 779 women: 372 current sponge users and 407 former sponge users. Current users at initial interview also participated in a six‐month follow‐up interview. While in one of two samples current sponge users view attributes of the sponge much more positively than do former users, perceptions of the characteristics of the sponge do not prospectively predict who will later continue or discontinue use. Importance ratings, however, can prospectively and retrospectively discriminate between women who continue to use and those who stop using the sponge. Women who remain sponge users believe it is more important that a method be available without contact with a physician and that it have certain vaginal method conveniences.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551632

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A sample of 172 university students enrolled in three human sexuality courses was utilized to explore attitudinal and behavioral changes in individual students, rather than for the class as a whole. Students responded to a questionnaire on the first and last day of the course. ANOVAS indicated that sexual attitudes became more permissive during the period of the course and that there were no significant changes in behavior for the students as a group, a finding consistent with previous research. Attitude and behavior change scores were computed for each student, and multiple regressions were employed to test the relative association with a series of predictor variables. As predicted, attitude changes were associated with membership in social groups with restrictive sexual norms, personally restrictive sexual attitudes, and low prior sexual experience. Behavior changes were more complex with differing sets of variables explaining change in conventional and unconventional sexual behaviors. The report closes with a consideration of potential areas of future research.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551633

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a national study of gay men's sexual behaviour in the context of HIV transmission, a schema was evolved for encoding and reporting the structure of sexual activity: the Sexual Behaviour Code (SBC). It has linguistic properties, is easily learned and employed, and generalizes easily to heterosexual behaviour. Each sexual session (sentence) comprises a sequence of sexual acts (words), which in turn consists of a sexual behaviour (root), the modality (prefix), and the outcome/ejaculation (suffix). Other aspects (partner/s, drugs, condoms) are encoded as precedents and accompaniments of the acts. The SBC is also used to define a comparable and flexible research instrument for eliciting systematic information on sexual behaviour: the Inventory of Sexual Behaviour (ISB), now used in all WHO/GPA studies of homosexual response. Issues of validity and reliability are addressed, and forms of analysis of the resulting data are discussed for sexual diaries and inventories.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551634

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In view of the AIDS epidemic and other problems associated with sex, there is an urgent need for information on the demography of sexual behavior. The results presented here are based on a household probability survey of nearly 1000 residents of a single California county. A broad overview of sexual patterns is given including: age at first intercourse, reported sexual orientation, number of sexual partners, level of risky sex and self‐reported incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Each variable is shown for gender, race and age. Results are compared to similar items in the 1988 and 1989 General Social Survey.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551635

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sexual risk taking for HIV infection was measured for 487 gay men in Buffalo, New York. High levels of sexual risk taking, including unprotected anal and vaginal sex, were reported in comparison to other homosexual populations. Sexual risk takers were found to be more sexually opportunistic, less able to use social skills to reduce their risk of AIDS, and more likely to frequent gay bars than those who were less risky in their sexual behaviors. Respondents were found to be ambivalent in their feelings about condom use and inconsistent in their behavior. We conclude by suggesting that community environment may be a critical factor affecting AIDS‐related behaviors and that findings from studies of gay men in the original AIDS epicenters cannot be generalized to all gay men.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551636

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article critically examines the emergence in the professional literature of a new category of criminal deviant: the very young juvenile“sexual offender”(“child perpetrator”). It is argued that current research and writings on“child perpetrators”1) fail to adhere to established tenets of scientific inquiry; 2) attempt to pathologize species‐typical behaviors; and 3) reflect symbolic opposition to widespread sexual license perceived to have resulted from the“sex positive”interpretive changes regarding sexuality that occurred during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Interactionist methods are applied in tracing three decades of interpretive changes regarding sexual behavior as reflected in the content of professional and popular sexological literature from the mid 1960s to the present. It is concluded that the writings on“child perpetrators”constitute an anomalous but predictable development in the field when considered against the background of recent trends in sexual discourse, professional ideology, and the current widespread perception among many Americans that children are no longer safe from harm while engaged in their normal daily activities.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551637

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The development of a 14‐year‐old female from defending herself from sexual crimes to committing such a crime is presented in case‐report form. Her individual history, family dynamics, and transgenerational patterns are explored. A review of the current literature is utilized to understand why some abused persons become abusers.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551638

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499209551629

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor