ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551590

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551591

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a sample of 121 HIV‐positive (HIV+) and 84 HIV‐negative (HIV‐) gay and bisexual men in the New York City area, sexual behavior and functioning were assessed by interview and correlated with symptoms and signs of HIV‐disease progression. There was considerable variability in sexual partner numbers and behaviors, and a substantial proportion of men in both groups engaged in sexual practices that put themselves or their partners at risk for HIV infection. Few differences emerged. In particular, HIV+ men had significantly higher numbers of male sexual partners during their lifetime and higher rates of certain anal‐intercourse practices currently than HIV‐men did. HIV+ men also reported experiencing significantly more frequent problems with sexual interest, pleasure, and erection, but not with orgasmic functioning. Within the HIV+ group, several risk behavior variables but none of the sex problem variables were correlated with symptoms and signs of HIV disease.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551592

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS depends upon the specifics of mixing between subpopulations with differing sexual activity rates. As the manner in which such mixing occurs is very difficult to observe, it is natural to consider the number of infected persons that would result from worst case mixing, that is, mixing that maximizes the number of infected persons in the population. This paper summarizes a recently developed procedure for producing a tight upper bound on the maximum number of infected persons in a population over the long run within the assumptions of a fairly general model of HIV transmission. The technique is illustrated utilizing parameters derived from studies of the AIDS epidemic in San Francisco. An example demonstrating how one might prospectively evaluate an AIDS intervention program using worst case analysis is also discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551593

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The central problem addressed in this paper is whether and how unmarried late adolescents are incorporating Safer‐Sex Guidelines into their sexual practices. A two‐stage stratified sample of 1,000 French and English students attending seven Montreal colleges was surveyed in the fall of 1988. LISREL analysis was used to test an expanded version of Beck's Health Belief Model predicting compliance with Safer‐Sex Guidelines. Findings indicate that history of prior sexual conduct and sexual scripts together with use of oral contraceptives are the predominant influences on condom use and perception of susceptibility to HIV infection. Young adults are scripting condoms as contraceptives and relying on their believed ability to avoid coitus with infected partners as their major preventive mechanism.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551594

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An experiment was conducted to examine the impact of social influence on sexual and affective responses to sexually explicit material containing violence in both men and women. The story outcome (woman expressing pleasure vs. no pleasure) was varied in addition to the type of social influence message (high vs. low arousal). The results showed that the social influence message was effective in either raising or lowering subjects’sexual arousal and positive affect, according to the direction of the influence message. In addition, there were no differences in sexual or affective responses to the two stories, suggesting that the normative information affected responses to a greater extent than the story outcome. These findings indicate that social influence is one determinant of cognitive arousal and affective responses to sexually explicit material containing violence.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551595

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The spread of the international AIDS pandemic has drawn attention to the urgent need for data on human sexual behavior; yet the absence of an established tradition of theory and method in sex research has limited the development of initiatives in this area. This has been particularly evident in the lack of attention given to the ways in which cross‐cultural differences structure the meaning of sexual experience. While survey research can play an important role in documenting sexual behavior, qualitative research on sexual culture is equally important in order to develop a framework for the comparative analysis of behavioral data. This article seeks to contribute to the development of theory and method in sex research by outlining key research issues and possible methodologies for the qualitative investigation of sexual culture in relation to HIV/AIDS.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551596

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper offers a preliminary conceptualization of the psychological structure of AIDS‐related attitudes among American adults and describes some of the social and psychological factors that affect those attitudes. Data were collected first from participants in focus groups in five U.S. cities and then from respondents in a national telephone survey. Two major psychological dimensions of attitudes were observed consistently. The first dimension, labeled COERCION/COMPASSION, includes judgments about the extent to which AIDS is viewed as highly contagious and requiring containment, through coercion if necessary. It also includes attributions of blame to people with AIDS. The second dimension, PRAGMATISM/MORALISM, includes judgments about the extent to which AIDS is viewed as controllable through research, public education and governmental sponsorship of behavior‐change programs. The two attitude dimensions are not highly correlated. Regression analyses suggest that the two dimensions have different social and psychological antecedents and that these antecedents differ between White and Black Americans. Using the two factors, a tentative typology of responses to the AIDS epidemic is presented. Implications for AIDS education and policy are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551597

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous research focusing on changes in gay male sexual practices as a result of AIDS often avoids taking into consideration the meanings which sexual practices have within the gay community. As an alternative, the present study used a content‐analysis of personals advertisements within the personals section ofThe Village Voiceto assess changes in the language gay men use to refer to their sexuality between the years 1978, 1982, 1985, and 1988. A significant increase in personals advertisements suggesting a concern with health is noted from 1982 to 1985. This increase continues from 1985 to 1988. Corresponding in time with these changes are increases in the number of personals advertisements which express a rejection of“stereotypical”presentations of self within the gay community. This rejection is seen as an attempt at self‐affirmation of characteristics perceived by gay men themselves as being desirable at particular historical moments. Implications for the basis of future policy interventions in reaction to AIDS are discussed. Finally, the utility of personals advertisement columns as an indicator of the meanings which people of various sexual preferences attach to their sexuality is discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551598

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A condom skills educational program emphasizing how to use a condom was presented to groups of patients waiting to be seen in a public health sexually transmitted disease clinic. Compared to controls, patients exposed to the intervention were approximately half as likely to return within the subsequent 12 months with a new sexually transmitted disease. Other predictors of reinfection included previous infection and age less than 25.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551599

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor