ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551538

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sexological ideas about gender similarity and difference have changed dramatically over the course of the last one hundred years. In the nineteenth century, sexologists, like other scientists, focused on the differences between women and men. This perspective is typified by researchers like Havelock Ellis, who considered female sexuality to be weaker, less fulfilling, and more passive than that of the male. Modern sexology since the Kinsey era has shifted to the ideology of similarity. Sexual scientists, most notably Masters and Johnson, emphasize how alike men and women are in sexual response and functioning. This change in emphasis was related to both socio‐political influences and to the quest by sexual scientists for cultural legitimacy. In addition, the ideology of similarity raises complex questions about scientific methodology and political considerations.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551539

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 1986–87, when it could be no longer denied that women, and therefore, heterosexual men, were at risk for AIDS, the makers of mainstream media faced a difficult dilemma. How could they resolve their urge to represent women in the way patriarchy knows best, as culpable vector for the spread of disease, while at the same time perpetuating the myth that the middle‐class, white male spectator need not worry about becoming infected? In the AIDS documentaries of this time, women were depicted ascontainedthreats: an oxymoronic representation that allowed them to register simultaneously as iconographic site of danger and as easily controlled subject. In this analysis of four mainstream media documentaries which were made to address the issue of heterosexual transmission, I discuss how women's sexuality is contained and controlled through representation. Furthermore, I examine whether the attempt to construct control over anxiety about AIDS is in any way similar to other social controls over women.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551540

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Black women comprise 52% of women with AIDS, yet there is minimal development of prevention efforts geared to needs of black women. This paper presents the results of intensive group discussion with 28 lower‐income black women and teenage girls in San Francisco examining patterns of sexual behavior. The comments of participants suggest that traditional sexual roles, which permit men to have sexual freedom but censure women for the same activities, are still operating in the black community. A major problem in relationships between men and women is the lack of effective communication about sexual practices, particularly the use of condoms when partners are not mutually monogamous. The communication difficulties are aggravated by imbalance of power between the sexes, as well as dramatic shifts in the economy of the black community. Suggestions are made for effective AIDS prevention programs, based on improved communication in the context of efforts to rebuild communities.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551541

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The views of medical and psychiatric professionals had an important effect on lesbians' conceptions of themselves and their sexuality in the 1950s and 1960s. This article traces the depiction of professional discourse on homosexuality inThe Ladder, the first widely circulated lesbian publication in the United States. Published by the Daughters of Bilitis, a group of largely white, middle‐class lesbians,The Laddershows evidence of changes in lesbians' acceptance of negative conceptions of homosexuality during the period 1956 to 1965. These changes are in part attributed to the increasing militancy of the homophile movement during the 1960s.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551542

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper aims to show how women artists have been excluded from art historical discourse, and have been inhibited from becoming artists. As committed and productive as a woman may be, she simply cannot signify as artist. In our culture, the artist in psycho‐sexual terms is always male, the model female. He makes, surveys, imagines; she poses, reposes, inspires. The symbolic apparatus is male mastery and power versus female passivity and resignation. Other ways to frame this binarism are: man is author(ity), woman is other; man desires, woman satisfies; man sees, woman is seen. He is active, she is passive; he is visible, she invisible. And so on. Certainly these are over‐simplifications, but they outline nonetheless an accurate construction of the artist as intrinsically and necessarily male. By focusing on two women artists, Suzanne Valadon and Victorine Meurent, we will see how male critics and historians have represented these artists first and foremost as women, and how this construction effectively erases them from the history of art and consciousness.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551543

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This review essay traces the impact of feminism on the development of a new approach to the history of sexuality over the past decade. Recent scholarship is surveyed to show how the reconceptualization of gender and sexual relations as social constructions, involving power and politics rather than simply“natural”biological factors, has shaped the questions and methods of historians.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551544

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the issue of representation of women in advertising and in one very popular film from 1987,Fatal Attraction, drawing attention to the dangers, implicit in certain feminist approaches to media, of reinforcing the culturally privileged distinction between“good girls”and“bad girls.”It draws a parallel between the Glenn Close character inFatal Attractionand the monster in Mary Shelley'sFrankensteinin order to illustrate the persistence, and the consequences to women, of this patriarchal division of their ranks.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551545

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents a brief critique of patriarchal art history by scrutinizing its obsession with human female breasts. Ten examples are included.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551546

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lesbian feminist communities present dilemmas for feminists who are involved in these communities yet do not define themselves as lesbians. In this exploratory study of nine non‐lesbian feminists who were involved with a lesbian feminist community in the mid‐1980s, important questions emerge about how to define oneself sexually and how to negotiate sexual identity. The politics of sexual identity is a core issue for these women, as lesbianism and feminism are entwined in a rhetoric which privileges lesbianism. On the other hand, the heterosexual world competes for their attention and offers a much less threatening lifestyle and political position. For the most part, these women resist defining themselves solely on the basis of sexual behavior and negotiate their identity depending on the audience or community. Sexual identity for these women is closely tied to overall self‐concept and to the politics of lesbian feminist communities in the mid‐1980s.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499009551547

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor