ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551671

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One major source of discord within sex research is the conceptual confusion concerning the meaning of science. The older positivistic stance has been increasingly rejected by scientists, and a newer postpositivist perspective has been developed, but many sex researchers are not fully cognizant of these changes. The importance and nature of these recent changes for sex research are discussed and illustrated with examples from research on HIV/AIDS, pornography, and homosexuality. The new postpositivist view of the meaning of science affords sexual science a more creative role and a more problem‐resolving position in our society. The emphasis here is not on the impossible goal of being value free but on the achievable goal of being value aware. The significance of this new scientific perspective lies in its ability to integrate our professional efforts, to enhance the value of research on sexuality, and to help create a new discipline of sexology.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551672

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Heterosexual adolescent males’negative attitudes toward gays were examined using data from a 1988 national survey of male youth 15 to 19 years of age. Results indicated that the vast majority of young males, 89%, found sex between two men“disgusting,”and only 12% felt confident that they could befriend a gay person. Multivariate analyses revealed, as expected, that respondents with more traditional male role attitudes, a religious fundamentalist orientation, and a parent who had completed fewer years of education were significantly more likely to express homophobic views. However, these models also indicated that homophobic attitudes were not associated with the absence of a religious affiliation, placing greater importance on religion, or frequency of worrying about AIDS. The discussion underscores the importance of conducting future research that will facilitate a better understanding of the processes underlying how young males acquire, maintain, and change their attitudes toward gays.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551673

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Based on Christensen's (1969) theory of relative consequences, I tested the hypothesis that female college students in the more sexually restrictive American culture would report greater negative affective reactions to their first premarital coitus than would their counterparts in the more sexually permissive Swedish culture. American (N = 217) and Swedish (N = 186) female undergraduates completed measures of affective reactions to their first premarital coitus, prior noncoital sexual experience, attitudes toward premarital coitus, and the circumstances surrounding their coital initiation. As predicted, the American woman expressed significantly more negative affective reactions to initial coitus. On the positive‐affect items there were no significant differences between the groups. Although Swedish women held significantly more permissive attitudes regarding premarital coitus, the Americans reported significantly more experience with kissing and fellatio prior to coital initiation. Many situational similarities between the two groups were found, as well as a perceived norm‐behavior discrepancy among the American women that was virtually non‐existent among their Swedish counterparts. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551674

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Given the heavy reliance on self‐report measures, volunteer bias due to patterns of nonresponse is an important issue in sex research. In the present study, rates of nonresponse to self‐administered sexual experience questions posed to individuals in a national probability sample (NORC data; Davis&Smith, 1990) of English‐speaking adult households (N = 3,646) were analyzed as a function of demographic characteristics. Differences between responders and nonresponders in reported sexual experience on other items were also investigated. In general, rates of response to most of the sexuality items were quite high. With regard to three of the four sexual experience questions considered, men were more likely than women to respond. Among both men and women, nonresponders to each of the four sexuality items were generally older and reported less income and educational attainment than did responders. There were no differences in likelihood of responding to the sexuality items as a function of religious affiliation or size of city in which the participant resided. Self‐reported religious attendance and marital status were related in limited ways to likelihood of responding. Ethnicity was unrelated to likelihood of response to the sexual experience items for men, but was related for women with regard to two of the items. In general, when there were differences, nonresponders to one or more sexuality items reported having less sexual experience than did responders. Implications of the findings for survey research in human sexuality are discussed, as are related issues in need of further research.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551675

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Men (n = 83) and women (n = 86) at nine dating bars in Ontario, Canada, were surveyed to determine gender differences in self‐reported casual sex and AIDS‐prevention behavior. Data analysis focused on 169 bar patrons who had experienced sexual intercourse. More men than women had some experience with casual sex. The women had as many sexual partners as the men, but were less likely to anticipate having casual sex and reported less enjoyment and more guilt about casual sex than did the men. Almost all men and women had declined at least one opportunity to have casual sex. Women expressed greater fear of being physically harmed during a casual encounter and were more concerned about the risks of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases than were men. Although the respondents reported favourable attitudes toward condoms, many had not used condoms during their last experience with casual sex. Women reported stronger intentions to use condoms during casual sex than did men, but there was no gender difference in actual condom use. The findings underline the value of focusing on casual sexual relationships, and we hope that these results will encourage other researchers to study casual relationships in a diversity of contexts.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551676

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationship of stress to sexual functioning and marital satisfaction was investigated in 165 men and women, age 21–84, approximately half of whom were unemployed. Adults completed inventory measures of life experiences, hassles, marital satisfaction, and sexual functioning. Regression analysis showed that for men, unemployment was associated with difficulty attaining an erection. This effect increased significantly with age. Wives of unemployed men also reported greater erectile difficulties for their spouses than wives of employed men. This result was mediated by marital satisfaction: For women whose husbands were unemployed, marital satisfaction had a strong negative relationship to reported erectile difficulty. Contrary to expectations, hassles scores were positively related to sexual desire for both men and women. Although unemployment in women was not related to any sexual dysfunction, desired frequency of intercourse declined with age more sharply for women who were unemployed than for those who were employed. Results were interpreted with respect to the psychological significance of specific stressors.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551677

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Investigations of adolescent sexual expression have seldom included Hispanic youth. The current study addressed this deficiency by testing the theory‐based hypothesis that family influences would be stronger predictors of Hispanic adolescent sexual behavior than would individual and social influences. Block regression analyses of the responses of 489 young Hispanic adolescents did not support the hypothesis. However, the control variable of age, measures of attitudes toward premarital sex, and perceived peer sexual involvement predicted Hispanic adolescent sexual behavior. These relationships were stronger for males than for females. The results are consistent with Reference Group theory in that peer, rather than family influences, were more highly related to the sexual expression of young Hispanic teens.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551678

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although many studies have reported significant increases in AIDS‐preventive behavior (APB) among gay men, they have also found that many individuals retain residual risk behavior. To investigate the dynamics underlying this inconsistency in APB performance, focus group discussions were conducted with 41 gay men. Content analysis indicated that although most men had modified their sexual behavior in response to concerns about AIDS and perceived these changes to be sufficient to reduce or eliminate risk, for many, actual practice of safer sex was erratic. Respondents did not express motivation to initiate further behavior change, perhaps because they considered their current behavior an adequate response to the threat of infection. Participants appeared to engage in a process of cognitive distortion to maintain consistency between perceptions of their inconsistent APB and perceptions of themselves as low‐risk individuals, viewing their risky behavior as due to atypical, situational factors, and therefore not a true health risk.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551679

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Researchers and clinicians have long argued that cognition is an important component of sexual arousal. We tested the hypothesis that self‐schema activation is one of the cognitive processes involved in sexual arousal to audiovisual stimuli. College students (105 males and females) individually viewed an erotic videotape that contained 20 66‐millisecond presentations of various trait adjectives, which students were asked to read aloud. About half of these students had performed a self‐reference task (i.e., made judgments regarding the self‐descriptiveness of each word) prior to viewing the tape. Among students who had performed the self‐reference task, those reporting relatively high sexual arousal to the film correctly identified more words than students who reported little or no arousal. Among students who did not perform the self‐reference task, arousal had no effect on the number of words identified. This finding was tentatively interpreted as evidence that the self‐schema is activated during sexual arousal.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551680

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor