ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694982

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In veterinary practice electromyography is a useful diagnostic technique for differentiating neuropathies, junctionopathies, and myopathies. The electromyogram gives information on the state of activity of motor neurons at rest, in reflex contraction, and in voluntary contraction. As a research tool, the electromyogram can be used to understand the complexity of the neuromuscular system. It has applications in horses for assessing muscle activation patterns and for providing a more complete understanding of the pathology of the muscles and nerves.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694983

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nortestosterone (β‐NT) is a hormonal growth promoter banned from livestock production in the EU. Following injection, the major metabolite in cattle is the 17α‐epimer (α‐NT). However, this also occurs naturally in pregnant cattle. It is not known whether α‐NT is also endogenous to intact or castrated male cattle. Three surveys were undertaken to assess whether α‐NT is naturally produced in this subset of the population. Bile samples from a total of 1,281 cattle (73 bulls and 1,208 steers) from 366 herds were collected at slaughter and initially screened by using a semi‐automated EIA with multi‐analyte immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) clean‐up. Bile samples from a further 38 male cattle (10 bulls and 28 steers) were analysed by high‐resolution gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with IAC pretreatment. Only samples containing more than 2 ng/ml α‐NT were subjected to GC‐MS. With 2 ng/ml α‐NT as a threshold for confirmatory testing, the false positive rate of the screening EIA was 1.8%. Bulls (n = 16) and steers (n = 179) from government farms (n = 2) and which were not treated with exogenous β‐NT, did not have measurable concentrations of α‐NT in their bile. Bulls (n = 35) and steers (n = 606) taken from herds (n = 204) which had no previous history of illegal growth promoter abuse also did not have α‐NT in their bile. Of 32 bulls and 451 steers of unknown treatment history sampled from herds (n = 160), 56 steers from 19 herds contained GC‐MS confirmed concentrations of α‐NT higher than the limit of quantification of the assay LOQ (0.7 ng/ml). Of these animals, two had β‐NT‐containing injection sites and five had residues of the β‐agonists clenbuterol and mabuterol. Examination of the animal movement and ownership histories of the 56 confirmed positivetanimals strongly suggested that exogenous 13‐NT had been administered at the presenting farm. It is concluded that α‐NT is not endogenous to this subset of the cattle population and that detection of this hormone in bile from bulls and steers constitutes evidence of abuse.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694984

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thirty‐three family dogs were monitored for antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato over a 3‐year period. Serum samples were collected before and during the season of high tick activity. Antibody levels were measured with an ELISA based on whole‐cell antigens and an ELISA with a purified recombinant flagellin (r 410). Antibody levels measured with the whole‐cell ELISA increased after the first exposure to ticks. Following the first seasonal period of tick quiescence, antibody levels decreased, and subsequently increased again in the second tick season. Thereafter whole‐cell ELISA titres persisted at moderate levels and did not decrease between tick seasons. The recombinant flagellin ELISA did not show a strong response in the first tick season, but did in the second tick season and levels of antibodies continued to fluctuate thereafter. We conclude that most dogs in this study developed an antibody response againstBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato after their first tick infestation and were thereafter repeatedly immunologically stimulated, probably reinfected, during the consecutive tick seasons.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694985

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper we assessed the suitability of the Charm HVS and a newly developed microbiological multiplate system as post‐screening tests to confirm the presence of residues in raw milk at or near the maximum permissible residue level (MRL).

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694986

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was conducted in Southern Belgium to determine the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in Belgian White Blue herds. Blood samples were taken from 9685 cattle, representing all the stock on 61 farms, by local veterinarians to screen for persistently infected animals and to determine their serological status against BVDV. Some of the herds (42.5%) were selected because of a prior positive diagnosis of BVDV or on the grounds of suspicion of BVD. A capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test for antigen. The prevalence of persistently infected animals was 0.75% overall and 1.46% in the 27 herds with at least one persistently infected animal. The prevalence of seropositive animals was determined with a competitive antibody ELISA and was found to be 65.5% for the animals as a whole but 53.8% for the herds without positively infected animals and 76.6% for the herds with at least one such animal. All the herds contained seropositive animals.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694987

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a field trial in the Netherlands 765 dairy cows were treated during 869 lactations with 500 μg gonadotrophinreleasing hormone (gonadorelin4i.m.) for cystic ovarian disease (COD) between June 1987 and April 1996. COD was defined as the presence of a large follicle (> 2.5 cm) on one or both of the ovaries in the absence of a corpus luteum. Two treatment groups were formed, based on the interval from parturition to first treatment, with day 60 being the cut‐off between groups 1 and 2. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a relationship between the moment of diagnosis and treatment (before or after day 60post partum) and its result. In group 1 90.0% of first treatments were effective and in group 2 93.3% (p=0.08). This was reflected by the slightly higher number of treatments needed for animals in group 1 (1.11 versus 1.07, p=0.08). The efficacy rate after one treatment did not significantly differ between the groups (1.63 versus 1.69, p=0.40) and nor did the interval between 1stinsemination after treatment and conception (p<0.63). In conclusion, it can be stated that gonadorelin is effective as therapy irrespective of the timing of diagnosis and treatment.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1999.9694988

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor