摘要:

When classifying imagery of reality that seldom presents itself with hand boundaries but transitions and gradual interfaces between biophysical phenomena, remote sensing researchers have proposed a fuzzy partition matrix that is more representative of the real situation than the conventional hard classification. In achieving a complete fuzzy approach in supervised classification, this paper discusses the fuzzification of the training stage to improve the classification performance. “Fuzzy training” is proposed to cope with data uncertainty in the early stage of image classification in order to derive statistical parameters that more closely resemble reality. A fuzzy parameter estimator (FPE) was developed with a modified Bezdek's Fuzzyc-Means engine and empirically evaluated. Classification results based on the fuzzy spectral signatures were superior to results obtained using conventional training methods.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480479

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper, a procedure is proposed towards automated linear cartographic data acquisition from scanned topographic maps for GIS data entry. A bi-partition clustering algorithm is applied successfully to produce relatively clean and single featured map layers from the scanned topographic maps. Comparison with other clustering algorithms shows that our algorithm produces the best results and is the most efficient. In addition, cleaning and thinning are performed using the LINDA system in an automated manner, resulting in the final map layers, such as road, contour, drainage networks and railroad layers, ready to be input to GIS.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480480

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper we present the development and application of a spatial model, named GEOMOD, for simulating land-use mid land-cover changes and their impacts on the carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. We first discuss the philosophy and principles on which the model is based. Then we describe in detail the model algorithm and structure. The model is tested using data from Peninsular Malaysia and Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, and applied to the entire region of South and Southeast Asia. The results show that the model is able to produce a satisfactory prediction over large temporal and spatial scale when based only on a few driving variables for pattern change. The change of carbon content and its geographical distribution is also simulated. While further refinement is needed to increase the prediction accuracy of the model, this study demonstrates the merit of the rule-driven approach in simulating systems with large spatial and temporal scales of which data are often inadequate for statistical approach.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480481

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One of the most difficult tasks faced by most communities, particularly in the urban areas, is the siting of new landfill in implementing a solid waste management program. The siting processes must ensure that appropriate sites be selected for dumping the solid waste, which (1) maximise the useability, (2) minimise the cost, (3) minimise the environment impact, and most importantly, (4) minimise the risk to human health.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480482

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is known from experience of field epidemiologists that spatial factors play an important role in schistosomiasis transmission. This study applied a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assist understandings and control of schistosomiasis transmission in a mountainous region of Sichuan Province in southwestern China. The spatial network approach was shown to be useful in conjunction with the analytical and modeling capability of the GIS in exploring the epidemiology and spatial risk factors associated with schistosomiasis. The results showed statistically the significant spatial relationships among risk factors and the simple spatial regressive and autoregressive models predict the risk of schistosomiasis infection well. We promise for the development of public health intervention strategies and control programs.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480483

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The traditional Chinese medicine is one of the most important components of the world medical science. The development of the traditional Chinese medicine was based on the several thousand years medical practice and experience, and the science in an experience and knowledge based problem-solving system. Since lacking the comprehensive scientific and technological explanations, the Chinese medical science has not been fully accepted by many other international medical communities. However, the traditional Chinese medicine certainly is the richest resources for building the most comprehensive artificial intelligent system for the medical practice. This study integrates the computer visual technology, the geographic information system (GIS), and the medical expert system into a powerful artificial intelligent system for the traditional Chinese medicine. The technology provides a visual and efficient graphic presentation and interface for medical professionals to access the system and to process complex system queries (visual knowledge acquisition) for determining the relationships between symptoms and diagnoses for patients; the GIS technology provides a network analysis capability to simulate the vital energy circulation system and analyze medical information at thousands acupuncture points.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480484

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We studied the metabolic and phenological response of vegetation to the change in temperature using the latitudinal gradient to represent the temperature gradient. By comparing the seasonal curves of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of northern latitudinal zones, we found that the annual peak value of the zonal NDVI average (MNDVI) increases as the latitude decreases from 75–56°N, with the greatest peak value occurring at 56°N. In the same latitude range, the arriving time (TNDVI) of the peak as measured by the Julian days when the MNDVIis reached decreases with latitude. These results imply that temperature increase in the high latitudes of the northern Hemisphere may increase the MNDVIand decrease TNDVIfor the vegetation above 56°N, and therefore lower the trough of the seasonal curve of the atmospheric CO2and make the trough arrive earlier. Because of the matching of spatial distribution of warming from 1965 to 1995 with the vegetation zone where the vegetation is sensitive to temperature, we conclude that the warming may have caused the metabolic enhancement and phenological shift for the vegetation in the high latitude region and which in turn causes the increase of seasonal amplitude of CO2and its phase shift.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480485

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The rapid advance of networking and componentization technology is one of the most important characteristics in software development in recent years. Represented by such key technologies as Distributed Component Object Model, Common Object Request Broker Architecture, JAVA, and the World Wide Web, the new operating and development environment enable application software to meet the demands of the information society with fundamental changes in system designs and technical structure. This paper explores the strategies for the Chinese GIS software industry to take advantage of the current technical environment so as to make use of its strength and to develop strategies to overcome harriers. Based on the dynamic and hierarchical characteristics of the technical structure of the software industry, the paper analyzes the software development trend. It indicates that the main breakthrough in software technology in recent years is in software cooperation and componentization. Correspondingly, the center for software development in GIS is gradually shifting to server functions and component banks, as well as to a series of linkage components. With support for software component development gradually mature, China should he able to compete strongly in the GTS market with components for spatial data collection and editing where existing Chinese products out-perform foreign counterparts. The Chinese GIS software industry should also consolidate resources to tackle the key technologies in the next generation of GIS software, namely high performance functional and component server, efficient connections with Database Management Systems and the World Wide Web, and robust and interoperatable GIS Brokers.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480486

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this note, the factors of settlement distribution are discussed. Features of rural settlement distribution are extensively analyzed. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we identified and analyzed such features as rural settlement location, dimension, grade and density. The concepts of settlement distribution density and population distribution density are established. These concepts can be used in estimating flood loss of settlement.

ISSN:1082-4006    

DOI:10.1080/10824009609480487

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor