摘要:

AbstractPast approaches to the Weight Method (use of the weight of excavated bone assemblages to evaluate the relative potential meat yield of the animals from which they came) are critically reviewed. They do not account for both inter‐taxon and intra‐taxon variability in the relationship between bone weight and total body or soft tissue weight. Critics of the Weight Method have assumed that these problems are insurmountable. It is argued here that they can be overcome practically. Solutions lie in the integration of classic Weight Method approaches, which assume a consistent ratio of bone weight to body weight between different taxonomic and size groups, with the understanding of animal scaling provided by studies of skeletal mass allometry. Allometric equations derived from original data (regarding cod,Gadus morhua) and available from published sources (regarding mammals and birds) are used to illustrate this argument. Three practical approaches to the Weight Method are suggested and briefly explored, using bone weight data from Earls' Bu, a Norse site in Orkney, Scotland, as a case st

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccess to the lower limbs from a historically‐identified nineteenth century below‐knee amputee who had worn a hardwood ectoprosthesis for an extended time prior to death provides a natural experiment for investigating the morphological and histological effects of the resulting altered mechanical environment. Osteometry (measuring total bone size), cross‐sectional geometry (bending and axial rigidity) and histology (bone turnover rate) are assessed. A reduction in size and geometric strength, along with an increase in cortical bone turnover, indicate that the midshaft and distal regions from the affected femur were partially shielded from functional strain. Structural compliance of the prosthesis, probably originating from design and material of manufacture, to some degree preserved the mechanical and morphological integrity of the proximal subtrochanteric region. The results of this case study are consistent with contemporary theory in skeletal biomechanics, for example, Frost's Mechanostat, which suggests that insufficient functional strain promotes intracortical remodelling and endosteal expa

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe alveolar bone condition of 34 pre‐seventeenth century Solomon Island Polynesians aged 20–35 years was investigated from dental remains. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar crest (CEJ‐AC distance) was measured for six index teeth. The mean CEJ‐AC measurements for each tooth, which ranged from 3.9 to 7.9 mm, greatly exceeded the distance of 2 mm frequently cited as representative of teeth supported by healthy bone. Many pathological bony defects were seen, suggestive of episodes of acute periodontitis with remissions to a quiescen

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA right anterior cannon bone (os metacarpale 3 + 4) of a red deer that was found in the reticulum of a 7‐year‐old red deer stag is described. The bone, which had accidentally been swallowed by the stag, showed clear signs of bone chewing (osteophagia), the most prominent being the formation of a fork at its distal end. Knowledge of the possible bone changes brought about by ruminant osteophagia may prevent the erroneous interpretation of skeletal remains as being worked by homin

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamining histological sections obtained from human bones from Iron Age archaeological excavations (about third to fifth centuryBC, Alfedena and Sulmona, central Italy), the authors show the presence of an amorphous, afibrillary substance inside the osseous canaliculus in decalcified sections. This substance has shown unusual chromaffinity to staining using the Schmorl method with thionine and phosphowolframic acid. It is probably formed by acid mucopolysaccharides obtained from a transitory betametachromasia with toluidine blue staining at neutral pH. This metachromasia persists after digestion in bacterial collagenesis, but disappears after digestion in bovine testicular jaluronidasis. These reactions indicate that the endocanalicular substance may represent well‐kept remains of a Rouget‐Neumann sheath, which surrounds cytoplasmic extensions of osteocy

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390030111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY