摘要:

Twenty‐five mite‐allergic patients in the Brussels area were tested with the skin‐prick test (1.5 and 10 histamine equivalents by prick test (HEP) and RAST with standarized extracts ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Dp) andD. mocroceras(Dm). Highly significant correlations (9.69

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human mononuclear cells stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) for 2–6 days significantly suppress [3H]thymidine incorporation and reduce the levels of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) and interferon (IFN) in culture medium when added to fresh, polyclonally activated mono‐nuclear cells. The inhibitory capacity of the cells correlates well with the expression of IL‐2 receptors. Lymphocytes obtained 3 days after stimulation with SEA, when the IL‐2 receptor expression is high, are more potent inhibitors than cells obtained 2, 6, 11 or 14 days after stimulation, when the IL‐2 receptors are less expressed on lymphoeytes. T4′ T8′ cells were both found to be inhibitory. Irradiation of the cells with 15 Gy before stimulation with SEA reduced but did not climinate their suppressive capcity. The expression of the IL‐2 receptor was lower in the irradiated cells. Irradiation or mitomycin‐C treatment of cells after 3 and 5 days of SEA exposure had no effect on their inhibitory capacities. Pretreatment of the cells with IL‐2 could partially reverse their suppressive effect on recorded IL‐2 levels of stimulated fresh cultures. A complete reversal was obtained with the anti‐Tae monoclonal antibody, which binds to the IL‐2 receptor. The collective data show that the SEA‐included suppression of IL‐2 activity in lymphocyte culture medium is not due to a suppression of the IL‐2 production but rather depends on depletion of IL‐2 due to absorpt

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing haemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) from influenza virus A/PR/8/4 were used to investigate protective immunity in mice, with two protocols. Protection was assessed by mortality and morbidity rates and by lung virus titres after infection intranasally with A/PR/8/34. In the first protocol, mice immunized with vaccinia‐HA recombinaant virus and infected intranasally with A/PR/8/34 were almost totally protected, but mice immunized with vaccinia‐NP virus were very poorly protected. In the second protocol, the recombinant viruses were used to stimulate in vitro T cells that are specific for HA and NP; both populations of T cells, when transferred to A/PR/8/34‐infected mice, afforded good protection. The results indicate that an immune response specific for just HA provided protection that was almsot indistinguishable from that provided by whole A/PR/8/34. On the other hand, immunization with vaccinia‐NP provided poor protective immunity, despite the fact that transferred NP‐specific T cells were very effective and vaccinia‐NP immunization has previously been shown to stimulate cytotoxic T cells. These results demonstrate that a single viral antigen, delivered by live vaccinia virus, can provide effective protection, but that immunization for cross‐protection against heterologous influenza virus re

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The in vitro immune response of lymphocytes from uraemic patients was studied by comparing the in vitro kinetics of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) production, the mitogen‐induced proliferative response, and the expression of IL‐2 receptors by T lymphocytes. The IL‐2 production in 26 uraemic cell cultures decreased significantly after 48 h of stimulation with mitogen compared with that of 24 control cultures. The lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) increased linearly with time, but the responses of the uraemic cells cultures were significantly lower than those of the control cultures. The relative numbers of cells double‐stained for both Tac (IL‐2 receptor)/HLA‐DR or Tac/Leu 2 were significantly increased in the uraemic cultures as compared with the control cultures at 48 and 72 h. A similar, but not significant, trend was also demonstrated for uraemic cells positive for Tae/Leu 3. These findings were also seen in uraemic lymphocyte cultures supplemented with exogenous IL‐2. Thus, the IL‐2 production of uraemic lymphocytes seems to be exhausted more rapidly than that of normal lymphocytes, and there is no evidence that the poor proliferative response of uraemic lymphocytes is due to a decreased relative number of cells positive f

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two methods for detecting the phenolic glycolipid, PGL‐1, aMycobacterium leprae‐specific molecule, in the urine of leprosy patients are described. Both methods rely on the 100‐fold preconcentration of the urine, which can be accomplished by a single‐step ultrafiltration procedure. The equivalent of approximately 2.5/μ of PGL‐1/ml was detected in the urine of LL patients with an inhibition ELISA. The second method, a direct dot‐blot assay on nitrocellulose paper, was much simpler and more sensitive. As little as 3 ng of antigen was detected by the dot‐bolt technique. PGL‐1 was detected in the urin

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Age‐related changes in antibody response and tolerance inducibility are polymorphic; in this paper isotype changes in ageing C57BL/6 mice are examined Female C57BL/6 mice of various ages were immunized with either heat‐aggregated RGG (a‐RGG) or phosphorylcholine conjugate of RGG (PC‐RGG); other animals of the same ages were given aggregate free RGG, followed by injections with either aggregated RGG or haptenated RGG. Sera from these four groups were analysed for antibody isotype. The data presented here indicate that age‐related changes in isotype predominance and magnitude are different for different determinants. The capacity to be down‐regulated appeared to undergo different age‐related changes with different isotypes: there is split tolerance in isotypes. Age‐dependent changes in T‐ and B‐cell tolerance could be deduced by comparing responses of animals to hapten and to carrier determinants. In 5‐week‐old animals tolerance to hapten was more profound than tolerance to carrier. It was concluded that T‐cell regulation dominated the response at this age. With advancing age, i.e. by 95 weeks, tolerance is observed in response to hapten but not in response to carrier determinants. We concluded that suppressor cells were induced by aggregate free RGG and affected the response of ‘naive’ but

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pretreatment with β‐1, 3‐D‐glucan‐derivated plastic beads conferred strong protection againstEscherichia coliinfection in mice. The protective effect showed a dose‐response relationship to the amount of beads injected and was dependent on the time point of the injection relative to the infection withE. coli.A similar protection could be obtained in nude mice. Experiments with radioactively labelled bacteria as well as beads indicated a systemic effect of the beads. macrophages extracted from animals treated with glucan plastic beads appeared highly stimulated. This was also true of cells that did not contain beads and presumably therefore not glucan, which seems to indicate a soluble stimulat

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Indirect plaque‐forming cell assays detecting B cells secreting antibodies against capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) antigens are described. In healthy adult volunteers the total number of B cells secreting IgM antibodies against the antigens in a polyvalent PPS vaccine reached a maximum in the blood 6 days after in vivo immunization (mean: 552/106mononuclear cells), whereas the highest concentration of IgG and IgA antibody‐secreting cells (SC) were detected 7 days after immunization (means: 628 and 1691/106). B cells secreting antibodies to PPS type 3 (PPS3), PPS8, PPS18C and C‐polysaccharide (CPS)—a cell wall antigen common to all pneumococci—constituted 9%, 16%, 6% and 5% (means) of the total number of antibody SC respectively. While the majority of the anti‐PPS‐SC secreted IgA antobodies, the anti‐CPS‐SC almost exclusively secreted IgG. Pre‐vaccination concentrations of anti‐PPS were generally low in contrast to antibodies against CPS, which were present in high concentrations in all individuals. The discrepancy in the Ig class of the antibody SC is probably related to the difference in the pre‐vaccination immun

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure is described for measuring the six parameters that theoretically determine the equilibrium bindings of two ligands in two‐antibody antisera used in competitive radiom‐munoassays (RIA). Four intensity parameters and two quantities are identified. They are the dissociation constants of the complexes formed by the bindings of the tracer and the specific ligand to two antibodies and the two corresponding binding capacities of a certain volume of the antiserum. Four series of assays, runs, are required to give enough information. Two very different amounts of serum are used, either with various doses of the tracer only or with one tracer dose and suitable dose ranges of the specific ligand. The corresponding equations and their use are presented. The amount of information is sufficient to offer several controls of consistency of the parameters with the two‐antibody model. The RIA antisera of two pro‐staglandins, PGF2αand PGE2with the heavily tritiated analogues as tracers were found to be very different with regard to the ratios of the binding capacities and the affinities of the two antibodies. The intensity parameters of the two sera were stable over the period of the present study, almost a year. To interpret assay results of a run of unknowns it is necessary to calibrate precisely the amount of antiserum used as well as the residual non‐specifically bound tracer fraction and the tracer dose. The random analytical error of an assay is then also predictable when the amounts of tracer or antiserum vary between assays of th

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymph nodes from 40 homosexuals with persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy were studied for histological and immunohistological changes and classified into histological stages based on the progressive destruction of lymph node follicles in association with progression of the disease. Three patterns were recognized:stage Iwas characterized by follicular hyperplasia, mantle zone depletion, and follicular fragmentation in the absence of vasculities,stage IIby signs of follicular involution, andstage IIIby depletion of follicles and dendritic reticulum cells with development of diffuse pattern. The T zone was gradually depleted of CD4‐positive lymphocytes, but on further progression. lymphocytic depletion (which also involved the CD8‐positive cells) and fibrosis prevailed. The 40 lymph nodes from homosexuals were classified as stage I in 18 cases, stage II in 11, and stage III in 10. One case did not fulfil our histological criteria for LAV/HTLV‐III lymphadenitis, although this patient was seropositive. Convincing correlation was found between histological stages and clinical and laboratory data. The triad of follicular hyperplasia. mantle zone depletion, and follicular fragmentation, in the absence of vasculities, appears pathognomonic for the early disease. The diffuse pattern, however, may be seen in different disease ent

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY