ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schistosoma mansonieggs induce a rapid and pronounced Thresponse which, based on cytokine secretion patterns, at day 3 post priming is Th0)‐like and at day 10 is Th2‐like. To establish whether or not the day‐3 cells have been programmedin vivoto develop into Th2 cells, they were cultured for 7 days to becomein vitroequivalents of day‐10in vivocells. Following this culture period, the population was approximately 75% CD4+, 22% CD8+, 6% B220+and capable of producing IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, ‐5 and ‐10 upon stimulation. This Th0‐like status was confirmed by the observations that in response to mitogen IL‐4 and IFN‐γ production are both CD4+‐cell dependent and that IFN‐γ and IL‐4 are produced concomitantly by single cells. These data suggest that ThO cells persistin vivo, but are incapable of secreting IFN‐γ at day 10 due loan inhibitory factor which does not develop or is labilein vitro. This concept is supported by ihc surprising observation that day‐10 LN cells, which are Th2‐like immediatelyex‐vivo, rapidly gain the ability to secrete

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

C57BL/6 mice treated with intranasal instillation of 100 μg ofAspergillusantigen three times a week developed a pulmonary eosinophilia, observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and on hislopatholo‐gical examination. At week 3, the instillation ofAspergillusantigen provoked a 10‐fold increase in the BAL cell number and eosinophils were the predominant inflammatory cells (66.4′%,). Histopathological findings showed focal alveolar lesions with pcribronchial and perivascular infiltration of lymphoid cells, numerous eosinophils, epithelioid cells, and granulomus with giant cells. Increases in total IgF. and IgG1 levels in BAL fluid (33‐fold and 14‐fold) and serum (67‐fold and 8‐fold) were observed also (P<0.05). IgGl specific toAspergillus fumigatus(Af) was detected only in the antigen‐treated mice.At 12 weeks, there was a persistent but less intense eosinophilia both in BAL and on histopathological examination accompanied by steadily elevated total IgE and total FgGl and a higher level of specific IgGl‐Af in BAL fluids and sera. No bronchocentric granulomatosis, mucoid impaction nor bronchiecta‐sis could be observed.Data from the study described here showed that in mice repeated exposure toAspergillusantigen leads to a strong inflammatory pulmonary response, characterized by remarkable pulmonary eosinophilia and elevations of total IgE, total IgG 1 and specific TgG1‐Afin both BAL and serum, which are the hallmarks of human allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis also. However, this inflammation did not induce the chronic histological feature

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of cultured kidney epithelial cells (KEC) to secrete neopterin, which is a marker of the activation of immune system was studied. In this study inlerferon gamma (IFN‐γ) was shown to induce neopterin release from KEC in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Many other cytokines and mitogens (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, LPS and phorbol ester) were tested for their ability to induce neopterin in KEC but all failed to induce a significant release of neopterin from KEC. By itself TNF‐ á induced a release of small amounts of neopterin but strongly potentiated the effect of IFN‐γ in a synergistic manner to induce neopterin secretion. These data indicate that not only monocytes and macrophages which it is well known secrete neopterin, but KEC are responsible also for the high serum or urine level of neopterin observed in patients with kidney allograft rejection or infections episodes. As the amount of neopterin released by KEC is smaller than that secreted by activated macrophages, the contribution of KEC to the overall production of neopterin during certain di

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Normal immune homeostasis is regulated partly by a small population of CD4+T cells that react to autologous major histocompatibility complex class‐II molecules on self‐cells. Decreased autoreactive T‐cell responses are associated with cancer. Tumour growth causes syngeneic macrophages (Mø) to suppress autoreactive T‐cell proliferation by decreasing Mø class‐II expression and increasing Mø production of the suppressor molecule prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Because interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is a potentMøactivation molecule which regulates both Mø PGE2and class‐II expression, the effects of IFN‐γ on tumour‐induced suppression of autoreactive T‐cell proliferation were investigated. Exogenous IFN‐γ increased normal host (NH) CD4+autoreactive T‐cell proliferation stimulated by syngeneic NHMø but decreased proliferation stimulated by tumour‐bearing host (TBH) Mø. Antibody (Ab) neutralization of endogenous IFN‐γ activity reduced TBH Mø‐mediated suppression. Kinetic studies showed that endogenous IFN‐γ suppressor activity was not exclusive during T‐cell activation. Indomelhacin treatment blocked IFN‐γ‐induced suppression in TBH Mø‐T cell cultures. TBH Mø‐T cell cultures contained significantly more PGE2than those containing NH Mø. Exogenous IFN‐γ increased early PGE2production in TBH Mø cultures but decreased production in NHMø cultures. The Ab‐mediated neutralization of endogenous transforming growth factor‐β or tumour necrosis factor‐x reduced TBH Mμ‐mediated suppression and blocked IFN‐γ‐induced suppression. Short‐term treatment of Mμ with IFN‐γ before their addition to T cells caused TBH Mμ to stimulate T‐cell proliferation, which suggests that early suppressor molecule production by TBHMø inhibits synthesis or activity of IFN‐γ‐induced stimulatory monokines. These results show that tumour growth causes Mø to suppress autoreactive T‐cell responses by allowing I

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study the effect of various Protein kinase C (PKC) aetivators/tumour promoters on the maturation and activity of human peripheral blood monocytes was examined. Monocytes were cultured in the absence or presence of various PKC activators for up to 2 weeks, and examined for the number of adherent cells, expression of myeloperoxidase enzymes, CDI4 antigens, mannose/N‐aeetylglucosamine (Man/GlcNAc) receptors, and the production ofTNF‐γ. The presence of PKC activators in cultures of monocyte‐derived macrophages (HuMoDM) prevented the loss in the number of initially plated monocytes, otherwise observed in long‐term tissue cultures with time of incubation. This effect of PKC activators on monocyte survival was diminished in the presence of PKC inhibitors. HuMoDM obtained in the presence ofPKC activators maintained a normal differentiation pattern, as was evident by the loss of granular myeloperoxidase enzytnes and CDI4 antigens, and the acquisition of metnbrane Man/GlcNAc receptors. HuMoDM which differentiated in the presence of PKC activators also released TNF‐γ in comparable amounts to freshly harvested human monoeytes. PKC activators/tumour promoters augmented the viability of long‐term cultures of human monoeyte‐derived macrophages. Such macrophages may facilitate cell and molecular biology studies of differentiated hu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fc‐receptor (FcR)‐mediated phagocytosis and FcR (FcRI, FcRII and FcRIII) membrane expression was studied on freshly separated and cultured monocyles (Mo) from 20 AIDS patients and 20 healthy controls. Both Mo and Mo‐derived macrophages from AIDS patients presented a significant defect in their capacity to ingest IgG‐coated erythrocytes (EA) compared to control cells. This functional defect did not depend on a decline in the n umber of FcR+cells or on a decrease in the expression of FcR on their surface. In fact, the percentages of phagocytes reacting with anti‐FcRI Mo Ab (32.2) or ami‐FcR II MoAb (IV. 3) were similar for controls and AIDS patients, while the percentage of FcRIII‐positive Mo (MoAb 3G8) was higher in the AIDS population than in controls, though this difference was not seen on cultured Mo. The level of FcRI expression, evaluated as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was higher on freshly separated Mo from AIDS patients than from controls but this difference disappeared also with differentiation of Mo to Mo‐derived macrophagesin vitro. Parallel analysis of FcRII and FcRIII onphagocytes revealed no differences in the MFI between the AIDS and control groups. Some observations suggested that this functional defect might be secondary to phagocyte priming by circulating lFN‐γ: (1)in vitrostimulation of Mo with hrIFN‐γ, which increased FcRI expression, actually reduced phagocytosis of IgG‐coated particles; and (2) IFN‐γ concentrations were increased in AIDS patients' plasma. In spite of these findings, no significant correlation was found between plasma IFN‐γ concentrations and FcR‐mediated ingestion in AIDS patients, making the hypothesis uncertain. Even if the basis for the impaired FcR‐mediated phagocytosis in AIDS patients remains unclear, this functional defect may have a role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS, constituting a compon

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thymocytes from mice with experimentalTrypanosoma cruziinfection respond poorly to Con‐A stimulation. However, the proliferative capacity of these cells is not impaired, as demonstrated by the fact that at high doses, exogenous rIL‐2 restores thymidine uptake. This finding could be explained either by insufficient IL‐2 production or by the appearance of inhibitory factors duringT. cruziinfection. This paper shows that in response to Con A, IL‐2 production is decreased in the model. Furthermore, the whole profile of cylokine production is modified, with a striking increase in IL‐10, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6 production. The results indicate that IL‐10 it plus IFN‐γ are responsible for the decrease in the Con A induced proliferation since a normal proliferative response as well as normal IL‐2 production can be restored if both cytokines are neutralized by adding their monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Evidence is provided also for an enhanced non‐specific cytotoxicity of thymic cells from infected mice that might involve IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6. This is the first study demonstrating an alteration of thymic cell function byT. cruziinfection which results from overstimulat

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

L‐selectin, a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes, has been implicated in lymphocyte homing and extravasation of phagocytic leukocytes into areas of inflammation. Considerable differences of L‐selectin expression among various individuals has been reported, with clinical correlations to perinatal events, maturation, and circadian rhythm. In this study, L‐selectin expression of various white blood cells was found to be differentially sensitive to ficoll‐hypaque or percoll density gradient centrifugation. After density gradient centrifugation, a significant loss of median monocyte L‐selectin expression was observed when compared to time and temperature‐matched controls or results obtained by whole blood incubation with anti‐L‐selectin monoclonal antibodies followed by simultaneous leukocyte fixation and red cell lysis. Mock treatment itself was associated with a variable L‐selectin loss of monocytes but not lymphocytes or granulocytes. Ficoll‐hypaque or percoll density gradient centrifugation resulted in significant L‐selectin down‐regulation of lymphocytes while granulocytes separated from lymphocytes and monocytes by ficoll‐hypaqus or percoll retained full L‐seleclin surface reactivity. L‐selectin downregulation was seen also after colloid sedimentation with hydroxy‐ethyl starch. It is concluded that unseparated blood should be used for

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY