ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Basophilic granulocytes and mast Cells of different species have been reported to originate from thymocytes and other lymphocytes. These observations were recently confirmed when evidence was given that thymic antigen is present on rabbit basophilic. In the study reported here, human leukocytes were tested by the immunofluorescence technique and the immunoelectron‐microscopy technique to ascertain whether a human lymphocyte antigen (HTLA) could be detected on their surface, We could demonstrate the presence of HTLA on lymphocytes but not on basophilic granulocytes, nor on mast cells in Cryostat secretion of various tissue

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Supernatants from incubated normal mouse spleen cells suppressed the DNA synthetic response induced by polyclonal B‐ and T‐cell activators and the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in normal spleen cells in vitro. The inhibitory effects of the supernatants were found to be dependent on the culture system used. The main cell population producing or releasing the inhibitory factors was nonadherent spleen cells, but macrophages and bone marrow cells could also give supernatants with inhibitory effects. Thymocytes did nut release any inhibitors under the same conditions. Separation of the supernatants showed that there were it least two factors with inhibitory effects on proliferation in lymphocytes. One of these factors had a molecular weight of less than 10,000 (not degradable by protease) and suppressed activation by all tested polyclonal B‐ and T‐cell activators. Another factor (a protein with a molecular weight of more than 30, 000) inhibited activation by some polyclonal B‐cell activators (lipopolysaccharide, type III pneumococcal polysaccharide) whereas the proliferation induced by dextran sulfate Was less or not at all affected under the same culture conditions. Trivial mechanisms for inhibition by supernatant factors, such as medium depletion, general toxicity, and accumulation of free thymidine in the medium, were

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The multichain co‐polymer poly(Tyr,Glu)‐polyAla‐polyLys, designated (T,G)‐A‐L, is normally thought to present only the poly(Tyr,Glu) sequences, designated (T,G), as antigenic determinants. Evidence is presented indicating that at least two different determinant in the (T,G)‐A‐L antigen arc recognized by chicken. Studies in a partly inbred high‐responder chicken strain reveal two major determinant systems: the (T,G) and the A‐ ‐I. in the (T,G)‐A‐ ‐I. antigen. For one serum the antigenic determinant of the A‐ ‐I. backbone is

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence is presented that the induction of a humoral response isinhibitableby a thymus‐derived cell (T1) that acts on the antigen‐sensitive precursors ofboththe thymus‐derived cooperating and the bone marrow‐derived antibody‐secreting cell—that is, the tCand B cell, respectively. The inhibition of induction of the tCand B cell by the TIcell is shown to be reversed by increasing effective level of cooperation. This competitive interaction between the inhibitory (TI) and cooperating (TC) systems is postulated to be part of the mechanism for regulating the class of the response, cell‐mediated or humoral. The following properties of the inhibitory system were demonstrated: [1] The tIcell—the antigen‐sensitive precursor of the TIcell—is bothparalyzableandinducible.[2] The TIcell appears during the induction of a cell‐mediated response and, if not identical to the effector cytotoxic (‘killer’) TKcell, the TIcell is induced in parallel with it. [3] The effector function of the TIcell, like that of the

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐ and trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐binding IgA(λ2) myeloma protein M315, bound on the surface of MOPC315 mouse plasmacytoma cells, was redistributed into spots, patches, and, more rarely, into caps by TNP14‐BSA and by divalent but not monovalent anti‐M315 antibodies. Antiserum to the L‐chain of M315 (L315) induced similar redistribution of L315bound on the surface of variant cells that only produced L315. The spots were much larger and more brilliant when the cells were incubated with the ligands at 37°C than at 4°C. Redistribution of M315 also occurred on M315‐producing cells in peritoneal diffusion chambers incubated in BALB/c mice producing antibodies against the M315 idiotype. The clearance of immune aggregates and the regeneration of new surface‐bound M315 in diffusion chambers were much slower for MOPC315 cells than that reported for B lymphocytes. The total pool of M315 was 1.9 pg per cell (about 8 × 1067S molecules), but only an average of 6 × 103[125I]TNP‐BSA molecules were bound on the surface of each MOPC cell at 4°C. The amount of surface‐bound TNP‐BSA increased eightfold when the cells were preincubated at 37°C with rabbit anti‐mouse IgA; at 4°C the increase was only twofold. The data indicate that multivalent ligands specific for M315 induce an accumulation of M315 on the cell surface that correlates with secretion; the immediate precursors of secreted myeloma protein may be arrested in their transit throug

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Antibodies to crude leukocyte interferon (CIF) were bound to Sepharose 4B, and CIF was chromatographed. A relationship between recovered interferon and percentage binding of the antibodies to Sepharose 4B was observed. Highest recovery was obtained when only 50%‐85% of the antibodies were bound When CIF was subjected to normal affinity chromatography, specific activity of 1–5 × 106interferon units (IFU) (69/19B‐units)/mg protein was obtained. When this purified preparation was further chromatographed on a column mainly directed against normal cellular proteins and then concentrated by normal affinity chromatography, a tenfold increase in ‘direct’ specific activity was obtained. It is suggested that the ‘indirect’ specific activity is about 2 × 10

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of various concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, EDTA, or 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid on the formation in vitro of polymeric IgM from reduced and dissociated IgM has been investigated. 4–200μM Zn, Cd, or Hg ions in the dialysis buffer used for reassociation resulted in the formation of a homogeneous polymer sedimenting as 195 IgM, whereas the other metal ions resulted in the formation of polymers sedimenting mostly as tetramers, pentamers (19S IgM), and hexamers. Dialysis in the presence of 1 and 3mM EDTA or 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid gave slight polymer formation: 10 mM of the agents gave none. Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, or Hg ions regularly gave only noncovalently linked polymers, whereas Cu ions in particular, but also Co and to a minor extent, Mn ions catalyzed the formation of covalently linked polymers Experiments performed with Mg, Ca, Ni, and Zn ions or with Cu and Zn ions in the same buffer during reassociation showed that Zn ions inhibit the effect of the other ions on polymer assembly and covalent

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A rapid, sensitive technique is described which measures small amounts of protein applied on agarose gel containing specific antibody. Alternating current through the gel reduces the influence of diffusion, and specific immunoprecipitate spots are formed. Their density after staining is proportional to applied protein. Quantitation of IgG and IgA in human serum standards was highly reproducible (P<0.001, Spearman coefficient of rank correlation test), and as little as about 35 ng Ig could be detected. Results are available within hours. Human sera and some purified preparations of 7S IgG and secretory IgA were grouped according to immune‐gel filtration findings. The group of samples containing fragments, aggregates, or unusually small amounts of monomeric IgG or IgA was also differentiated by specific immunoprecipitate spot (SIS) analysis from those mainly monomeric in character (Wilcoxon rank test,P<0.02). A World Health Organization reference serum (67/97) was used as standard. The study indicates that a human serum pool stored in aliquots at ‐20°C is a good standard for quantitating serum IgG and IgA and that purified preparations art mi better. It is suggested that the SIS assay could be advantageously applied to screening biologic fluids for unusual amounts or types of IgG and

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In pokeweed (Pa‐1)‐stimulated human lymphocyte cultures, T cells are essential for the survival, proliferation, plasma‐cell development, and high‐rate Ig secretion of B cells. Their effects are T‐cell‐specific in the sense that B‐Cell stimulation does not take place in the absence of T cells even when fibroblasts or monocytes are provided. The experimental system is the most effective model for activation of human B lymphocytes so far described. Plasmablast development requires approximately 7 days in culture. In T + B‐cell cultures established at 1 × 106/ml (1 × 104/mm2) initial cell density, plasma cells can secrete, on the average, as much as 40–70 pg IgM or IgG per cell per day. When the initial T‐cell density is increased well above 1.0 × 106/ml, a T‐cell‐mediated depression of Ig synthesis becomes predominant. Thus, in the pokeweed model T‐cell effects represent a balance of helper and suppressor influences. The study also shows that B cells are heterogeneous. A non‐adherent IgG‐committed (smIg−?) tonsil B‐cell population seems to be less susceptible to T suppressor effects than normal tonsil B cells. This subset proliferates particularly well and synthesizes large quantities of IgG in the presence of

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY