摘要:

When peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated in vitro with the rough form of type 2Streptococcus pneumoniaeR36a, the resulting plaque‐forming cells (PFC) did not produce antibodies directed against phosphorylcholine, a major antigenic determinant of the cell wall C‐polysaccharide. Instead, R36a stimulated polyclonal PFC in PBL and splenic lymphocytes. We compared the polyclonal responses stimulated by R36a with those induced by two well‐characterized polyclonal activators (PA),Staphylococcus aureusCowan I and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). We found that R36 a was a poor mitogen for PBL, whereas the other two PA were potent mitogens; that the predominant isotype produced in response to all three PA was IgM; that adherent cells strongly inhibited the polyclonal PFC response to both R36a andStaph. aureusbut not PWM; and that T cells were necessary for induction of polyclonal antibody‐secreting cells by all three

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A monoclonal antibody, MID 2, which reacts with an epitope common to all human leucocytes, was used to show that the leucocyte common antigen can be resolved into four glycoprotein components with molecular weights of 220 K. 200 K, 180 K and 160 K. The 200, 180 and 160 K peptides were all present to various extents in the T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines examined, but the 220 K component was only detected in the B‐cell lines. The 220 K glycoprotein was also lacking in human thymocytes, but evidence of its expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes was obtained, suggesting that it might be acquired as the cells differentiated. The four glycoproteins isolated from tonsil cells gave similar patterns on peptide mapping by the Cleveland enzymatic method or by cyanogen bromide cleavage, indicating extensive homology. It is conceivable that they differ from each other by the acquisition of simitar repeating domain sequences of approximately 20 K. Alternatively, they may share a common peptide structure but differ in their electrophoretic behaviour in SDS gels owing to differences in carbohydrate; if this is the case, however, experiments with tunicamycin suggest that O‐linked oligosaccharides must be invol

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The routine availability of nucleated human cells for experimental use is limited in the absence of venipuncture. In this paper we have demonstrated that macrophages may he harvested routinely from the waste dialysis hags of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. These cells were identified as macrophages by morphology, adherence, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, non‐specific esterase staining and peroxidase staining. Macrophages from patients with end‐stage renal disease produced arachidonate cyclo‐oxygenase products in a pattern similar to that of ascitcs macrophages obtained from patients with normal kidney function. Arachidonate metabolism was shown to be manipulatable. Thus, indomethacin blocked synthesis of cyclooxygenase products, and OKY‐1581, a specific thromboxane synthase inhibitor, increased the release of prostagtandin E2and prostacyclin, measured as its stable breakdown product 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1, whereas the thromboxane B2synthesis was effectivel

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The phagocytosis of particles activating the alternative pathway of complement by human monocytcs cultured under serum‐free conditions was studied. In contrast to native zymosan particles, which were easily ingested, rabbit erythrocytes and agarose heads had to be coated with C3b or C3bi to be engulfed by the monocytes. The binding and ingestion by monocytes of particles coated with C3bi were greater than for the same particles coated with the equivalent amount of C3b. The binding and uptake of rabbit erythrocytes and agarose beads were proportional to the amount of C3b or C3bi on the particles. In contrast to the complement activator particles, C3b‐ and C3bi‐coated sheep erythrocytes, which are non‐activators, were not ingested by the monocytes, although attachment to the monocytes took place. The presence of methylamine or cobra venom factor, which are complement inhibitors, strongly reduced the ingestion of native zymosan by the monocytes, whereas the uptake of C3b‐ or C3bi‐coated zymosan particles were only weakly affected. This suggests that the binding of native zymosan to monocytes is sensitive to interference from a cell‐derived alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb). Binding and uptake of activators by human monocytes via complement receptor(s)

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thoracic‐duct cannulation of mesenteric lymphadenectomized (MLNx) congenially athymic nude rats was studied as a method of obtaining peripheral lymph cells. A higher recovery of non‐lymphoid cells (NLC) was obtained from nude than from euthmyic littermates. Both a higher percentage and a greater number of NLC were found in nude animals. Most of these cells resembled dendritic or veiled cells and were strongly positive for Ia antigens. This population could further be enriched by irradiation of the animal, but with a risk of cell damage. Splenectomy had no effect on early output of Ia+NLC. A substantial population of lymphoid cells from MLNx nude rats expressed T‐cell antigens defined by the monoclonal antibodies OX 19, OX 8 or W3/25. These cells were more radiosensitive than were mature T cells. In addition, a large population of cells in the peripheral lymph from nude rats did not display surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed either against B cells or against T cells. This cell fraction increased after irradiation. These cells resembled small lymphocytes but had a more irregular nucleus and multiple large gra

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐lymphoid cells (NLC) were obtained by thoracic‐duct cnnnulation of mesenteric lymphadenectomized (MLNx) congenitally athymic nude rats. The cells were similar to NLC collected directly from testicular lymph and from the thoracic duct of MLNx euthymic rats, Ia+NLC were characterized by a highly irregular, veiled or dendritic surface. Otherwise the cells were heterogeneous with regard to ultrastructure, non‐specific acid esterase activity, and surface antigens. Roughly a third of the cells had surface Thy‐1 antigen. A negative correlation was found between ihe presence of Thy‐1 and non‐specific acid esterase activity. Compared with macrophages and granulocytes they showed limited phagocytosis of simple test substances. However, Ia+NLC often contained lysosomes and some were occasionally observed in the act of phagocytosing and ingesting other cells, thus demonstrating phagocytic ability. Since Ia+NLC were abundant in peripheral lymph but rare in central lymph, they must he held back by the draining lymph nodes. Their relationship to NLC wilhin lymph nodes i

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The chemotactic activity in serum, defined as the attractant effect of serum on the migration of neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) has been investigated for the purpose of characterizing the major chemotactic factors in serum as measured by the leading‐from technique, using a modified Boyden chamber. The chemotactic activity was measured in fresh and heated normal and activated serum and in serum fractions thereof separated by gel filtration. By gel filtration on Sephacryl S‐200 a partly heat‐labile C3‐C5‐associated chemotactic factor with molecular weight between 70,000 and 150,000 was isolated from fresh normal serum. The heat‐labile chemotactic activity was destroyed by pronounced complement activation. Gel filtration of complement‐activated serum on a Sephacryl S‐200 column showed the existence of one C5‐associated chemotactic factor with ˜70,000 molecular weight and one unidentified factor with ˜ 150.000 molecular weight, whereas no low molecular weight chemotactic activity was demonstrated. On the other hand, get filtration of activated serum on a Sephadex G‐75 column demonstrated one C5‐associaied chemotactic factor of ˜ 70,000 molecular weight and one 10,000–50,000 molecular weight factor active only in the presence of 2% normal serum. This investigation suggests that the chemotactic activity in fresh normal serum is mediated by a partly heat‐labile C3–C5‐associated complex. In activated serum three chemotactic factors were demonstrated, one unidentified factor with 150,000 mol wt and two CS‐dependcnt factors with 70,000 and 10,000–50,000 mol wt, the latter probably corresponding to C5adesarg. Accordingly, this study also suggests that C5a is not the only c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Placental FcγR (FcR) inhibited the rosette formation between monocytes and rabbit IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes (EA), whereas the rosette formation with granulocytes was not impaired. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) inhibited the rosette formation with both cell types. Results obtained in absorption and agglutination experiments showed that SpA blocked the binding of FcR to IgG, and C1 did not. Furthermore, FcR did not interfere with the binding of SpA to IgG, whereas C1 affected this binding. FcR apparently bind to the Cγ3 region. Since FcR inhibited the binding of EA to monocytes, the monocyte FcR binding site is probably also located within the Cγ3 re

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of contact with a solid surface (in the form of adhesive microcarrier beads (Cytodex)) on the induction of proliferation of human blood lymphocytes after exposure to concanavalin A (Con A) were investigated. The duration of the lag phase preceding DNA synthesis was identical in the presence and absence of beads. The kinetic course of initiation of DNA synthesis was exponential but with different rate constants both in the presence and in the absence of beads during the first 4 days of the culture period. Cytodex exerted its effect by increasing the proportion of cells initiating DNA synthesis in response to Con A. To elucidate whether lymphocytes responded to Con A exposure in a dose‐dependent manner, cells were seeded at different concentrations and exposed to Con A for different times. At 36 and 48 h after start of stimulation the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA increased with increasing cell number in the cultures. In contrast, the portion of cells synthesizing DNA was markedly decreased at high cell densities 60, 72 and 96 h after start of stimulation. In the presence of microcarrier beads, however, the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA was proportional to the cell number in the cultures also after 60, 72 and 96

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present work shows that addition of mouse beta interferon (IFN) to murine bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen‐spleen‐CM results in an increase in the proportion and number of diffuse colonies. Addition of IFN early in the culture period inhibits the development of the cytotoxic capacity typical for normal diffuse colonies. Addition of IFN late in the culture period, when diffuse colonies have already been formed, enhances the cytotoxic activity of individual colonies. The cellular composition of diffuse colonies was nearly identical in non‐cytotoxic and strongly cytotoxic colonies. It is concluded that IFN profoundly affects development and function of cytotoxic diffuse col

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY