摘要:

The impact of the historical changes in the dairy farming industry, and of the changes recently introduced by the EEC, is described in relation to the responses of an individual dairy farmer in the south west of England.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A bench‐scale tubular heat exchanger and a pilot‐scale plate heat exchanger have been used to compare the effectiveness of a single‐stage with the traditional two‐stage procedure for the removal of milk deposits from heated surfaces. The use of a single‐stage detergent has been shown to produce both physically and chemically clean surfaces in half the time taken by the two‐stage, alkali‐acid procedure which did not remove completely cal

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The lactulose content of UHT milk was measured during the running of a pilot and a commercial indirectly heated UHT plant. The lactulose content of milk processed in the pilot plant was found to decrease as the pressure drop across the heated sections rose. The lactulose content of the milk from the commercial plant varied little and showed no trend during an entire production shift. There was no evidence that deposit in the plants accelerated the formation of lactulose.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A rapid HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of the phospholipids in milk and dairy products. A concentrate of the phospholipids was obtained by chromatography on a cartridge of silica gel. The relative proportions of the different phospholipids were then determined by HPLC, and by means of the addition of an internal standard, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, the absolute amounts present were also measured. After the reproducibility of the method was demonstrated with fresh whole milk, it was applied to skimmed milk, buttermilk and various products of ultra‐high temperature processing. Small differences only were seen in the relative compositions of phospholipids in different milk products, but the absolute amounts varied appreciably. In some samples, it was tentatively concluded that the phospholipids had undergone extensive autoxidatio

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The background to food preservation and packaging developments is described. Packaging today provides the basis for many forms of shelf‐life extension, essential for modern retailing. However, packaging is often criticized on the grounds of cost and of being a waster of natural resources and energy. In this paper it is argued that packaging is necessary to protect the product from spoilage and to maintain public health — and that the packaging industry, just like any other industry, cannot exist without raw materials and energy. The total value of the UK packaging industry is £4,000 million per annum (approx £2,600 million for foods). However the total energy involved is only about 5% of the national energy consumption. The food packaging industry has always been anxious to conserve resources due to economic pressures. This has been achieved by using less packaging material, or by turning to cheaper, more abundant materials. In addition, recycling and package reuse/refilling schemes have been introduced voluntarily to save materials and energy and to protect the environment. In the near future, EEC directives will dominate packaging conservation and environmental ma

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Conservation of cleaning chemicals requires a detailed survey of all departments, by a suitably qualified person, to establish the products and methods of application employed. This information can then be applied to rationalize and reduce the multiplicity of suppliers and products used. Suitability and selection of chemicals for specific cleaning operations and sources of waste are discussed, and three basic approaches to reduction and rationalization are suggested. The requirements, importance and benefits of correct control, monitoring and dosing of cleaning chemicals are examined, and attention is drawn to the need for properly controlled trials to establish which products are the most cost‐effective. The reclamation and re‐use of chemical solutions are also discus

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1987.tb02390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY