摘要:

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the known and recently discovered differentiation patterns of 58 forest butterfly species (of the total 66) in the tribe Heliconiini, including over 300 races and forms, has led to the drawing of a map of core areas for evolution in the group. The majority of these are not isolated by any obvious modern physiogeographic barriers to dispersal of these butterflies, and probably correspond to forest refugia during the two or three most recent Quaternary dry periods. The map is in good accord with the results of similar studies in other groups of animals (forest vertebrates and invertebrates) and in forest trees, but indicates a larger number of significant operative refugia (38) than other analyses. Bases for the understanding of differentiation patterns in polytypic continental species are developed, in accord with the refuge theory and using intensive and extensive data on local monomorphic populations and secondary contact zones between differentiated forms. The known forms discussed include:Dione juno miraculosaHering,Eueides libitinaStaudinger,Heliconius xanthocles explicataStichel,H. eleuchia(Hewitson) andH. leucadiaBates together with a supplementary revision of the tribe giving information published since 1972. The following new forms are described:Eueides emsleyisp. n. and nine new subspecies ofHeliconius: H. aoede philipi, H. wallacei araguaia, H. pardalinus orteguaza, H.p. butleri, H. hecale australis, H.h. barcanti, H. clysonymus tabaconas, H. congener aquilionaris, H. sapho candidus.Geographical details of the refugia are given in Appendix I, and in Appendix II the heliconians are assigned to the postulated refugia.

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe larvae of the six British genera(Cantharis, Malthinus, Malthodes, Podabrus, RhagonychaandSilis)of Cantharidae are described. The characters available for classification are discussed and a key to the genera is provided.

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new aphid species,Pemphigus trehernei, found on the roots ofAster tripoliumL. in Western Europe is described. The gall, fundatrix and alate fundatrigenia were produced artificially onPopulus nigraL. var.italicaDuroi. The life cycle and host range of the species were investigated.

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExperimental and field observations are given on the biology ofPemphigus (Pemphiginus) populiCourchet with a description of the secondary host morphs from the roots ofMelilotus altissima, Lathyrus pratensisandMedicago lupulina.Twelve species ofPemphigusHartig are recorded for Britain in three subgenera:Pemphiguswith nine species,borealisTullgren,bursarius L.,filaginis(B. de F.),gairiStroyan,phenaxBörner and Blunck,pvotospiraeLicht.,rubiradicisTheob.,saliciradicis(Börner) andspirothecaePass.;Parathecabiuswith two species,lysimachiae(Börner) andauriculae(Murray);Pemphiginuswith one speciespopuliCourchet. A key to the alate migrants, alate sexuparae and apterous alienicolae is given with notes on the biology of all the species exceptborealisandrubiradic

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo new species of lycaenid butterflies,Strymonidia jebeliaandPseudophilotes sinaicus, are described from the high mountains of South Sinai. The foodplants and the eggs of both species are also described with notes on the habitats and adult behaviour. Their relationships with closely allied species and the possible evolutionary histories are discussed.

ISSN:0047-2417    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY