摘要:

Seventy‐nine primary (deciduous) teeth were excavated in 1978 underneath the floor of the stave church in Uvdal, Buskerud County, Norway. The mercury content of 57 teeth was measured by means of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. As a comparison, 124 primary teeth from modern Norway were analyzed. A significant statistical difference was found between the two sets of material. In the Uvdal material a correlation was found between the mercury and copper contents. For the modern material a correlation was found between mercury and lead, and between mercury and zinc. The authors maintain that the values found for the Uvdal material represent base‐line values for mercury in primary teeth, and probably reflect uptake from natural environmental sources only. Furthermore, these values may be used for reference in studies of other preindustrial, as well as modern, primary teeth. Our findings also indicate a higher level of mercury in modern than in preindustrial primary teeth in Nor

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The uptake of alkali soluble and alkali insoluble fluorideonandinfluorotic enamel was investigated in vitro. Teeth from Kenya, assigned score 3 in accordance with Thylstrup‐Fejerskov's fluorosis index, were used. The enamel was treated with either a neutral 2% NaF solution, a 0.2% NaF solution (pH 5.5), or the supernatant from a 0.1% NaF‐containing toothpaste (pH 7). The treatment time was 1 h. The reaction product formed on the enamel was analyzed by KOH extraction and acid etching. Significantly higher amounts of alkali soluble fluoride were formed on the enamel from the 2% and 0.2% NaF solutions, as compared with the control. There was also a significant increase in the firmly bound fluoride after treatment with the neutral 2% NaF solut

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the influence of sagittal occlusion on occlusal plaque formation in permanent first molars (PFM) in 72 7–10‐yr‐olds before loss of primary second molars. Of a total of 288 PFM, 140 (49%) were sealed and 23 (8%) filled. Occlusal plaque was recorded at two levels of examination: 1) visible plaque on the entire surface and 2) detailed macromorphologic mapping. Enamel caries was recorded after professional tooth cleaning. After 48 h without tooth brushing, plaque examinations were repeated. Stone models were used for 1) identification of interocclusal contact areas and 2) classification of sagittal molar occlusion. The detailed mapping of plaque onunfilledsurfaces showed a clear pattern of preferential locations related to the macromorphology of the occlusal surfaces. Active caries was restricted to those anatomic structures where plaque accumulated. 48‐h median plaque values on mandibular molars in normal and with one cusp distal occlusion were significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to surfaces in 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 distal molar occlusion. Maxillary molars with normal and with 1 cusp distal occlusion had lower median plaque values than other sagittal occlusion categories. In general, however, plaque scores were higher in maxillary teeth because more than 2/3 of these teeth were without occlusal contact in the distal part. Mandibular occlusal surfaces in normal and with one cusp distal occlusion had significantly fewer active lesions than teeth with 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 cusp distal occlusion. The significant influence of variations in sagittal molar relation on occlusal plaque formation and caries initiation occurring in fully erupted PFM before loss of primary second molars thus supports the view that physical forces operating during mastication are an important factor for colonization and growth of bacteria with cariogenic po

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of fluoride in drinking water on the progression of dentinal caries and dentin apposition was studied in Wistar rats. The initiation of enamel caries lesions was first induced for 2 wk withS. sobrinusand a 43% sucrose diet after weaning. Thereafter the animals were fed on either a cariogenic or a non‐cariogenic diet and distilled water supplemented with 0, 1, 7 or 19 ppm fluoride. The areas of dentinal caries and dentin apposition were quantified after tetracycline staining. Fluoride reduced dentinal caries progression after the initiation of lesions in the presence of a cariogenic diet at a concentration of 19 ppm F, and without sucrose at 1 ppm F. The effect of fluoride in reducing dentin apposition with a cariogenic diet was dose‐dependent, whereas fluoride in non‐cariogenic groups had practically no effect on dentin formation. These results suggest that fluoride together with a high concentration of sucrose in the diet might have an odontoblast‐mediated effect on the regulation of the progression of dentinal

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A computerized planimetric method for plaque area measurement has been developed. Using a computerized image analysis system (CIAS), the plaque area and tooth area on color slides were digitized and the number of pixels automatically counted. The proposed Plaque Percent Index (P% Index) expresses plaque area as a percentage of tooth area. The reproducibility of this method was tested and the influence of photographic technique on the P% Index was determined. The association of the Turesky modified Quigley‐Hein plaque index (Q‐H Index) and the P% Index was assessed. The present method was highly reproducible for the P% Index with an intraexaminer variation of 0.28% and intraexaminer correlation coefficient of 0.99. The results show that highly reproducible P% Index values with an error of less than 3.0% were obtained when the photographs were taken under the following conditions. For the buccal surfaces of anterior teeth, the slides were photographed within a 20‐degree range in the horizontal plane and a 30‐degree range in the vertical plane; and for the lingual/palatal surfaces of anterior teeth and the buccal or lingual/palatal surfaces of posterior teeth, the slides were photographed with an image of the whole tooth surfaces in the photographic mirrors. The comparison of the Q‐H Index and the P% Index revealed that for each score of the Q‐H Index the corresponding values of P% Index were wide with a significant crossover value, although a strongly positive correlation was found between the Q‐H Index and the P% Index (r = 0.92,P<0.01). This study indicates that the proposed P% Index, quantitatively expressed on an interval scale, has high reproducibility and discrim

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 49 crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected with paper strips from 12 healthy adults. Each sample was eluted into sterile saline and two aliquots were drawn for SDS–PAGE, one for fibronectin and one for fibrin analysis. Peptides were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and fibronectin and fibrin were detected using specific antibodies. The relative amounts of different molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin were analyzed using a laser densitometer. After the sample collection, Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index and pocket depth were measured. Bone loss was estimated from the orthopantho‐mograms. Fibronectin fragments were seen in all CF samples. Intact fibronectin was seen in 21 samples, of which 76% were collected from periodontitis‐affected sites. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of intact fibronectin and the clinical parameters. Intact fibrin and fibrin fragments were seen in all samples. Fibrin‐positive material with larger molecular weight than intact fibrin was also seen in all samples. A negative correlation was found between the proportion of intact fibrin and the clinical parameters. There was no correlation between total amounts and concentrations of fibronectin and fibrin. Molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin may affect the pathogenesis and healing of periodontal diseases, since the biologic effects of the fragments of these molecules differ from those of the intact mo

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

LongoVital is a herbal tablet with documented immunostimulatory effects in man. In the present study the effect of LongoVital on development of periodontal disease was investigated in a rat model. Fifty‐four conventional rats, 5 wk old, were distributed into the following groups: A) untreated, uninfected; B) untreated, infected withActinomyces viscosusandPorphyromonas gingivaliswk 8; C) treated with LongoVital 80 mg × 3/wk, wk 5–14, uninfected; D) treated with LongoVital 80 mg × 3/wk, wk 5–14, infected withA. viscosusandP. gingivaliswk 8; E) treated with LongoVital 200 mg × 1 in wk 8 and 80 mg wk 9–14, uninfected; F) infected withA. viscosusandP. gingivaliswk 8, subsequently treated with LongoVital 200 mg × 1 in wk 8 and 80 mg wk 9–14. All animals were killed when they were 15 wk old, and periodontal bone support was assessed radiographically. Statistically significant bone loss was found in untreated, infected rats, as compared with untreated, uninfected rats. In LongoVital‐treated animals, no significant difference was seen in bone level between infected and uninfected rats. These results indicate that LongoVital‐treated rats were protected against periodontal bone loss caused by infection withA. viscosusandP. gingivalis. Furthermore, the protection seemed effective both when LongoVital was administered prophylactically and after exposure to periodontal pathogens. The active components of LongoVital, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the protectio

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various polymer solutions with and without surfactants were evaluated regarding their lubricating properties on the oral mucosa. After rinsing with the solutions, the oral mucosal friction value was registered with a probe (objective effect). After each rinsing occasion at home, the patients answered a questionnaire (subjective effect). None of the tested polymers showed a longer, clinically significant effect than the other ones. Some of them had the same effect as substitutes available on the Swedish market.

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of chewing gum and lozenges in relieving the signs and symptoms of xerostomia was studied in a 2‐wk cross‐over clinical trial in 18 rheumatic patients with dry mouth symptoms and low salivary flow rates. Resting flow was measured before (PRESTIM) a chewing stimulated flow rate test (STIM), and also 5 min after (POSTSTIM). STIM flow (mean 1.0 ml/min) was not affected by the test regimens. In the lozenge regimen, mean PRESTIM flow in the group increased from 0.11 to 0.14 ml/min and POSTSTIM from 0.10 to 0.13. In the chewing gum regimen, PRESTIM flow (mean 0.13 ml/min) did not change, whereas POSTSTIM flow increased from 0.13 to 0.16 ml/min. In terms of patients' preferences, chewing gum and lozenges were ranked equal. Both these physiologic stimuli had few side‐effects. Subjective symptoms were relieved in about one‐third of the subjects, but relief was not always verified by improved flow rates. The regimens were not found to influence buffering capacity; salivary counts of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and Candida; or oral sugar clearan

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Assessment of oral mucosal friction and subjective perception of dry mouth was performed during treatment with the thiazide diuretic bendroflumethiazide (2.5 mg o.d.) or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study (2 × 2 wk) in 34 healthy volunteers. Treatment with bendroflumethiazide was associated with a 10% reduction in the stimulated whole saliva secretion rate and a 15% reduction in the salivary sodium concentration, as compared with placebo. Oral mucosal friction was concomitantly measured on the buccal mucosa and on the mucosa of the lower lip by means of a newly developed sliding friction device. In addition, a questionnaire was used to evaluate how the treatment was subjectively perceived with regard to symptoms of dry mouth. Mucosal friction of the lower lip increased significantly during treatment with bendroflumethiazide, as compared with placebo. When the test subjects, regardless of pharmacologic treatment, were divided into groups according to subjective perception of dry mouth, the dry mouth group showed significantly lower resting and stimulated flow rate and higher mucosal friction in comparison to the nondry group. When, in addition, pharmacologic treatment was also considered, the differences between the dry and the nondry group were restricted to resting whole saliva flow rate and mucosal friction during bendroflumethiazide treatment. It is concluded that resting whole saliva flow rate is the best predictive factor for evaluating subjectively perceived dry mouth. However, the sensitivity of the developed sliding friction device is capable of detecting minor changes in salivary secretion rate. In addition, measurements of oral mucosal friction may serve as an easily available method to complement sialometry when evaluating, for example, drug‐induced dryness of the

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY