摘要:

Epidural analgesia is well‐suited for lower abdominal surgery, especially on patients of advanced age groups. Bupivacaine (Marcainr̀) has gradually become a well‐established analgesic which is well‐suited for epidural analgesia, being distinguished by its potency and prolonged action. As a rule, it has been recommended to add adrenaline to the analgesic solution to obtain the maximum period of action and to keep the plasma level of the analgesic as low as possible. However, since the addition of adrenaline per se involves a risk of untoward reactions, we were interested in investigating whether a clinical trial could demonstrate any difference between bupivacaine 0.5% with and without the addition of adrenaline. The trial was carried out double‐blind in 50 consecutive prostatectomies performed under continuous epidural analgesia. The catheter was left in the epidural space for the first 24 postoperative hours, and during this period, the patients were kept free of pain by injection of the analgesic solution through the catheter as required. In this material, there was no difference with respect to effect, extent or duration of analgesia between the tw

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using 1/PEP2(PEP = pre‐ejection period of the heart) and PEP/LVET‐ratio (LVET = left ventricular ejection time) as parameters it was shown that 1/PEP2increased and PEP/LVET decreased during hypoxia, and when pure oxygen breathing was started, the hypoxic changes were rever

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review is presented of the posttraumatic response from the endocrine and metabolic aspects. The importance of afferent nerve impulses and other factors of importance in the activation of the response are discussed.

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In seeking to develop a simple and safe technique of central vein catheterization, a supraclavicular route to the superior vena cava was chosen. Advancing from a point above the medial portion of the clavicle, the needle punctures the wall at the confluence of the subclavian and internal jugular veins, and a siliconized catheter is introduced straight into the superior vena cava. The technique is described in detail.The results of 600 catheterizations are reported. Unsuccessful attempts at cannulation were recorded in 6.3%, malposition of the tip of the catheter in 1.7%, pneumothorax in 0.3% and other complications in altogether 3.3% of the cases. Attention is drawn to the potential dangers inherent in cannulation of major central veins. The supraclavicular route described seems to provide a straightforward, reproducible approach to the superior vena cava, and it seems to have a low incidence of technical failures and early and late complications.

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An anaesthetic and ventilatory system based on a partial rebreathing system (Mapleson D), for use in cat experiments, is described. A new “bag‐in‐box” excess valve construction is also presented. Factors influencing the Pco2of the Mapleson D system are discussed, as well as the practical application and the advantages of using this combination. Examples of the ability to reach different levels of Pco2ar

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study shows that various metabolic substrates are of different importance for the maintenance of the osmolality of the body fluids. Many hormones seem to influence the osmolal balance either by influencing the number of particles in a solution or the water balance. The effect of one particular hormone on osmolality can often be difficult to establish, because one effect will start a sequence of regulatory processes.Measurements of plasma and urine osmolality will therefore give a more varied picture of the condition in the body than, for instance, studies of fluid and electrolyte balance alone.

ISSN:0001-5172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1974.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY