摘要:

AbstractCytokines are produced by a variety of cells and have numerous of overlapping activities. There is increasing evidence that cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and of other dermatologic diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge as to how the altered cytokine network is involved in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in lesional skin, and how the cytokines are involved in epidermal hyper‐proliferation. The actions of the most important therapeutic compounds, such as corticosteroids, dithranol, cyclosporine, retinoids, vitamin D3analogues and ultraviolet radiation, on the cytokine system are also discussed. Consideration is given as to how the effects on the production of cytokines and/or cytokine receptors contribute to their therapeutic actio

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study of animal lectins and glycoconjugates has become an important area of research in biomedical sciences, as these molecules are believed to play important roles in a variety of biological processes. This report describes a study of the expression of an animal lectin, IgE‐binding protein (ɛBP), also known as Mac‐2 and CBP35, in human skin. We have analyzed cultured human keratinocytes as well as normal human skin and a number of epidermal neoplasms, by immunoblotting. immuno‐fluorescence and immunohistochemistry. We showed that ɛBP is expressed in human keratinocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. We found that cBP expression retains in various epidermal neoplasms, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacan‐thoma, although the level of expression appears to be reduced as compared to normal epidermis. The immunohistochemical analysis also suggests that the level of ɛBP expression appears to be dependent on the degree of cellular differentiation of ker

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccessory signals, which include adhesion molecules, MHC‐II molecules and cytokines. are necessary to foster the interaction between memory T cells and epidermal cells, that is required to promote cutaneous inflammatory responses. American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is characterized by a spectrum of immunological manifestations, and is a prototype disease for the study of regulatory mechanisms involved in immune protection against protozoal infection. In the present study, we show that diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) epidermis contains keratinocytes that do not express ICAM‐I and HLA‐DR molecules. Langerhans cells (LC) are within normal values or somewhat lower, and a very few cells expressing the HB15 molecule a new described member of the Ig superfamily are found in such lesions. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) epithelium shows an increased expression of ICAM‐1 and HLA‐DR molecules, few HBI5+cells, and an absence of epithelial LC. Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) epidermis displays ICAM‐+keratinocytes organized in patches, a uniform expression of HLA‐DR, hyper‐plasia of LC, and numerous HBI5+cells. In all forms of the disease, infiltrating T cells express more LFA‐1β than LFA‐1α, but LFA‐1β+cells are more abundant in LCL granulomas. In contrast, there are more LFA‐lα+cells in DCL and MCL than in LCL granulomas. LCL lesions also show the highest numbers of HB15+cells within the granu‐loma. These results indicate the importance of adhesion molecules in ACL lesions, and open new possibilities for therapeutic schemes oriented towards

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpidermal cells express two retinotic acid‐binding proteins (CRABP I and II). Because CRABP II protein is strongly induced by topical retinoic acid, the respective roles of the two proteins in the pharmacological activity and toxicity of topical retinoids deserve particular attention. Since topical steroids diminish the irritation induced by retinoic acid (RA), whereas retinoic acid may counteract the atrophogenic effects of steroids, the possible interplay of both compounds in the expression of CRABP I and II appeared worth studying. We have analyzed the effects of topical application of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the retinoic acid‐induced altered expression of CRABP I and II in normal human skin, at the protein and mRNA levels. We found that CRABP II protein and mRNA were strongly increased upon retinoic acid application: this induction was significantly inhibited by concomitant application of triam‐cinolone acetonide; a more potent steroid, dilluocortolone valerate, was also found to dimish normal endogenous expression of CRABP II. In contrast, CRABP I protein was decreased by topical retinoic acid, and the down modulating effect of retinoic acid was counteracted by triamcinolone acet

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConflicting reports exist concerning ultraviolet‐B (UVB) effects on keralinocyte (KC) interleukin‐l (IL‐1) expression. To clarify the modulatery effects of UVB on IL‐1, the following study was undertaken. Normal human epidermal KCs cultured in a standard low Ca2+and serum‐free medium were irradiated in quiescent phase with UVB. In this study, we used semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to determine the mRNA level of interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐β). After exposure to 100 or 300 J/m2UVB, a transient increase in mRNA levels was observed within I hour for IL‐1α and 3 to 6 h for IL‐β Following this transient induction, mRNA levels for both IL‐1α and IL‐1β returned to steady‐state levels after 100 J/m2. After 300 J/m2irradiation, IL‐1α and IL‐1β levels were downregulated compared to unirradiated cultures at 24‐h post‐irradiation. The half‐life for IL‐1α and IL‐1β was estimated using actinomycin D treatment. Both IL‐1α and IL‐1β mRNAs half‐lives (t1/2) decreased faster in irradiated cells (t1/2 = 30 minutes for IL‐1α and 2 h for IL‐1β) compared to unirradiated cells (t1/2= 1 h and 4 h, respectively). These results suggest that IL‐1α and IL‐1β mRNA expression are differentially regulated by UVB. In contrast to down‐regulation of mRNA levels, a significant increase in IL‐1α protein levels, measured by ELISA. was observed in culture supernatant from 6 h to 24 h after 300 J/m2UVB irradiation. Cycloheximide treatment did not abrogate this increase in IL‐1α protein level. Since this dose of UVB irradiation decreased the stability of IL‐1α and IL‐1β mRNA, this suggests that the release of IL‐1α after

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSubstance P is a neuropeptide which is present in peripheral C nerve endings and released from them. Free nerve endings of C nerve are present in human epidermis. The effects of substance P on the transmembrane signaling system of pig epidermal sheets were previously reported. In these studies, a small amount of cells other than keratinocytes contaminated the epidermal sheets and the species difference from human was also noticed. Therefore we investigated the effects of substance P on cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Alteration of intracellular free calcium (Ca2+) in single living keratinocytes was studied using an inverted fluorescence microscope and Ca2+‐sensitive dye, Fura 2‐AM. Treatment of normal human epidermal kertinocytes with substance P resulted in an increase in inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and in intracellular Ca2+. Substance P inhibited DNA synthesis of the keratinocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. These results are consistent with the view that substance P stimulates phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate hydrolysis of human keratinocytes, resulting in inositol 1,4,5‐trisphospha

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecific binding sites for3H‐melatonin were delected in membrane fractions prepared from C57 BL‐6 mouse skin, and were localized to the epidermis and the epithelial bulb of the hair follicle byin situautoradiography. In skin organ culture, melatonin stimulated DNA synthesis by the epidermal keratinocytes at concentration 0.1‐10 nM, while at ≥1 μM it inhibited tyrosinase activity. We concluded that murine skin is a target for melatonin biore

ISSN:0906-6705    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY