ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLuminances and saturations of equally bright colors were measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry and a saturation scaling method, respectively. We used 19 dominant wavelengths from 410 to 670 nm and in the purple region, and II excitation purities from 0.0 to 1.0 in 0.I steps for each dominant wavelength, as test stimulus colors. The results show that the luminances of equally bright colors with the same dominant wavelength decrease approximately linearly as the saturation estimates increase for all dominant wavelengths, but the slope of this lumi‐nance‐versus‐satuiation function varies with dominant wavelength. It is implied that the chromatic content of colors differentially contributes to the brightness‐luminance discrepancy depending on the dominant wavelength. We also plotted constant‐luminance loci and constant‐saturation loci in the 1931 CIE x, y and the 19.76 CIE‐u', v' ‐chroma

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThermochromism is a reversible change oftransmittance, reflectance, or absorptance induced by a change of temperature. Photochromism is the corresponding effect induced by optical radiation. These effects can occur in the use of reflectance standards, as they may undergo a considerable temperature rise when subjected to the polychromatic irradiation used by many measuring instruments. An investigation of any thermochromic (and photochromic) properties of the twelve Ceramic Colour Standards is described. It is shown that thermochromic effects are only significant to a very small extent in about half of the standards and not at all in the remainder, while there is no evidence of any photochromism.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of the coefficient of luminous intensity R for prismatic retroreflectors contain errors due to misalignment of the photometric range and samples. A procedure for assessing these errors has been developed for the two‐orientation hexagon‐cube clear prismatic retrore‐flector that is included in the NBS Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) for retroreflection. This procedure involves experiments in which the geometrical setting of the range is deliberately varied so that the dependence of R on small variations in the geometry can be estimated. These experiments followed a fractional factorial design. Bounds on the uncertainties in the observation angle α, the two components of the entrance angle β1and β2, and the rotation angle ϵ can be used to bound the corresponding uncertainty in R due to geometrical effects. Results of this experiment are reported along with some repeated measurements of R for an internal NBS MAP. Similar coefficients have been reported previously for retroreflective bead sheeting, and their implication is

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhysiological human responses to color as evidenced by the electroencephalogram, galvanic skin response, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, eyeblink frequency, and oxiometry are reviewed. A casual reading of the descriptive literature on the human response to color leads one to the conclusion that color can have rather specific physiological effects. It is concluded from this review that there are reliably recordable physiological responses to color in addition to those generally associated with vision. However, it may be that some are indirect effects mediated by cognitive responses to color.

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent acceptance of goods for color by the United States Army depends on visual comparison against a standard and as many as eight limit samples. The Army wished to have a numerical method of setting color tolerances to be used with instrumental measurement. Preliminary work with the standards and limit samples indicated that acceptability ellipsoids oriented in the hue, chroma, and lightness directions in CIELAB color space should be set up. To establish the tolerances, we selected pairs of samples from a large number of previous submissions by industry. These pairs represented four graduated lightness steps, four graduated chroma steps, and four graduated hue steps. Six observers looked at each pair ten times, randomly interspersed with other pairs, and issued a pass‐or‐fail judgment each time. From these data we established lightness, chroma, and hue tolerance limits. For an olive green and a tan shade, these tolerances were roughly in the ratio 3:2:1; for a dark blue, the ratios were roughly 2:2:1. We wrote simple equations that can be used in order to determine quickly whether a sample passes or fa

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEight observers estimated chromaticness for central‐field colors of different chromaticity and constant luminance in a surround of the chromaticity of D65. The perceived chromaticness was scaled relatively and absolutely. The experimental results are compared with chromaticness as defined in different color spaces. In the CIELUV, CIELAB, LABHNU, and LABHNU2 spaces, colors of equal visual chromaticness are located approximately on circles. The LABHNU and LABHNU2 color spaces seem to describe the relative and absolute scalings in the best way for all observer

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost of us who are involved with color in the plastics industry think of pigments and dyes incorporated into or coated onto a polymer in order to produce asthetic appeal. But unusual colored effects can be created through selective embossings. This article discusses the history of diffraction gratings, how and why they work, how they are made, and how this technology can be applied to the plastics industry to create unique visual effects. Examples are given of design variations which are possible using a basic 1–in. circular diffraction grating. Also included are examples of end‐use applicati

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-2317    

DOI:10.1002/col.5080090111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY