ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This article evaluates the use of DNA hybridization for estimating the extent of divergence among the single‐copy fractions of vertebrate genomes. It focuses, in particular, on the nature and informational content of the melting profiles as a guide to phylogenetic relationships. While concluding that the DNA hybridization approach remains the best and most cost‐effective guide to such relationships over its useful range, it demonstrates serious flaws in certain recent attempts to apply the method to specific cases among primates and birds. The major points are:1The T50H statistic is flawed as a measure of mean sequence divergence, and also, therefore, as a measure of phylogenetic distance.2The Tmodestatistic overcomes many of the problems inherent in interpreting thermal stabilities of DNA heteroduplexes for phylogenetic purposes.3The phylogenetic significance of ΔTmodesof>15d̀ or so cannot be accurately assessed.4The putative slowdown in the rate of nuclear DNA sequence change among the lemurs is not justified by the data.5The claims of Sibley and Ahlquist to have resolved the human/chimpanzee/gorilla trichotomy are not supported by their data.6There are major problems in the published Sibley and Ahlquist avian phylogenies; in particular, with those containing evolutionary “staircases” of nodes separated by less than 1d̀ from one another.7There would appear to be a lineage misplacement involving a ΔT of at least 4d̀ in a recent publication on avian phylogeny.8Certain of the published ΔT50H values seem not to be representative of the actual data on which they are based.9Most important, it is recommended that no phytogenies based on DNA hybridization comparisons should be presented without being accompanied by the data relevant to each claim of a r

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The best fit estimate of the retrospective information content of a classification is argued to be the proportion of the maximal sum of informative subgroups to which each included taxon is assigned. The best fit estimate of the prospective information content of a classification is argued to be the proportion of fully resolved dadograms prohibited by that classification. Those (wo proportions are multiplied to provide a general information index that is sensitive to both the degree of resolution and the contents of individual subgroups. That index and the best fit considerations supporting it have implications for congruence studies, consensus indices, and the choice between Adams and Nelson consensus tree

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The potential role of speciation in accelerating evolutionary divergence remains controversial. Earlier tests based on genetic and morphologic distances which indicated an absence of speciational evolution rely on problematic assumptions. We provide a phylogenetic test in which amounts of discrete character change relative to an outgroup are compared between sister taxa. Although this test is constrained by a need to assume similar extinction rates in groups compared, it provides conceptual improvements regarding monophyly, equal age of taxa, and distribution of homoplasy. Based on analysis of 68 informative allozyme characters for 19 lizard species in the genusSceloporus, significant speciational evolution and punctuational change is, at least, a viable explanation for the distribution of observed character change

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A hypothesis‐independent method of weighting cladistir characters, based on character compatibility, is proposed. The method is used in two fashions, to generate cladograms, and to select from multiple minimum length cladograms. To illustrate the techniques, published data onHoplinema(Coleoptera) are reanalysed. The method is contrasted with other weighting techniques which arc generally found to be hypothesis depend

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Numerical phylogenetic analysis of nemertean species from the generaPlectonemertes, KatechonemertesandActeonementes(marine),Argonemertes, AntiponemertesandLeptonemertes(terrestrial),PotamonemertesandCampbellonemertes(freshwater) in the family Plectonemertidae was carried out with the following aims. (1) To estimate the evolutionary relationships between and among these species. (2) To lest the hypothesis of Moore and Gibson that the analysed freshwater species originated from a terrestrial ancestor. (3) To classify the species in monophyletic genera. The analysis did not confirm the hypothesis that the freshwater habitat has been colonised via land. Instead, it suggests that both terrestrial and freshwater species within this family have evolved from a marine ancestor. The cladogram suggests thatAntiponemetesis paraphyletic, and it is combined withArgonemertesto form a monophyletic genu

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Biogeographical Evolution of the Malay Archipelago.–T. C. Whitmore.Evolution as Entropy: Toward a Unified Theory of Biology.–D. R. Brooks and E. O. Wi

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighth Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society

ISSN:0748-3007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1989.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY