ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe subcellular distribution of four enzymes (glucose‐6‐phosphatase, phosphodiesterase I, NADPH‐cytochromecreductase, andp‐nitroanisoleO‐demethylase) in the midgut of “wandering” fifth‐instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta(L), was determined and the composition of mitochondrial and microsomal pellets was examined by electron microscopy. Most of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity and one‐third of the phosphodiesterase I activity were found in the high‐speed supernatant. NADPH‐cytochromecreductase activity was marginal andO‐demethylase activity was undetectable in the supernatant. The highest specific activities for phosphodiesterase I, NADPH‐cytochromecreductase, andp‐nitroanisoleO‐demethylase were measured in microsomes, but the relative specific activity of phosphodiesterase I was only half that obtained with the latter two enzymes. In all subcellular preparations the relative specific activities of NADPH‐cytochromecreductase andp‐nitroanisoleO‐demethylase were closely correlated. It is concluded that glucose‐6‐phosphatase and phosphodiesterase I are not microsomal marker enzymes in the midgut, but the activities of NADPH‐cytochromecreductase andp‐nitroanisoleO‐demethylas

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNormal and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry were used to identify the free and conjugated ecdysteroids (after enzymatic hydrolysis) from day‐4 pupae of the gypsy moth,Lymantria disparL. Seven ecdysteroids were searched for, but only 20‐hydroxyecdysone (964 ng/g fresh weight) and ecdysone (367 ng/g fresh weight) were detected. Analysis of conjugated ecdysteriods after liberation by hydrolysis also indicated the presence of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (21.6 ng/g fresh weight) and ecdysone (2.4 ng/g fresh weight). Neither 26‐hydroxyecdysone nor the 3α‐epimers of 20‐hydroxyecdysone or ecdyso

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pheromone‐mediated flight behavior of male Oriental fruit moths in a sustained‐flight tunnel was observed after males were treated topically with sublethal concentrations of permethrin, carbaryl, chlordimeform, dieldrin, octopamine, serotonin, yohimbine, and cyproheptadine. With the exception of serotonin all compounds were found to disrupt one or more specific elements of the male precopulatory flight sequence. Among the insecticides, dieldrin was least active, whereas permethrin, carbaryl, and chlordimeform induced unique effects at specific phases of the sequence. Octopamine induced a hypersensitivity to the olfactory signal and mimicked one of the effects observed with chlordimeform. Yohimbine and cyproheptadine significantly decreased moth activation to the chemical signal but did not alter flight performance in responding moths. Yohimbine and cyproheptadine also reversed the effects induced by octopamine. The results of our study show that the complex precopulatory sequence of behaviors exhibited by males is very sensitive to sublethal concentrations of a range of neuroactive compou

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFlies (exemplified bySarcophaga bullata) expand after eclosion from the puparium by processes of “pulsing” (slow rhythmical abdominal contractions) and “pumping” of air (fast rhythmical contractions of the cibarial pump). Pulsing and pumping are inhibited if a newly eclosed fly is kept in an enclosed space (sand, a glass tube, an empty puparium). This inhibition no longer applies if such flies are injected with either hemolymph from flies 10–15 min old or cAMP, or are confined at the age of 10 min. This suggests a hormonal control of pulsing and pumping. Pumping alone, without pulsing, occurs in flies treated with certain paralyzing agents like ether, tetrodotoxin, bee venom, or “FlyNap,” or have the connectives in the neck cut or interrupted by cauterization. Application of FlyNap or neck cauterization leads to excessive pumping which results in bloating. Expansion by bloating is confined to the soft membranes, leaving sclerites and wings largely unexpanded. The function of pulsing is probably that of “plasticizing” and stretching the cuticle to make it respond to increased steady pressure by air‐pumping. Flies ligated at the proboscis show almost regular pulsing and pumping, but without intake of air, and consequently no expansion. Cuticle (sclerites) and wings, however, become plasticized. Some plasticization occurs even in the absence, or reduction, of pulsing (in a neck‐cauterized fly), brought about by a hormonal process. Eclosion from the puparium is also initiated by a hormonal action. Thus, the following processes during fly emergence are controlled by hormones: eclosion proper, pulsing, pumping, plasticization, and tanning. These hormones are separate entities, with the possible exception of the pulsi

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe allatotoxic effect of 3‐ethoxy‐4‐methoxy‐6‐iso‐pentenylphenol on nymphal molting and metamorphosis ofRhodnius prolixuswas examined. Continuous contact treatment with IPP induced the formation of precocious adults and retarded molting or initiated a permanent ecdysial stasis. Insects treated with 7‐ethoxy‐6‐methoxy‐2,2‐dimethylchrornene were similarly affected. Ecdysone given orally counteracted the ecdysial stasis and also reduced the duration of the moltin

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe major insect hemolymph lipoprotein, lipophorin, was isolated from adults of eight insect species representing seven insect orders. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare their respective apoprotein components. In all species examined lipophorin was composed of at least two apoproteins, apolipophorin I (Mr∼ 250,000) and apolipophorin II (Mr∼ 78,000), and two species had a third apoprotein, apolipophorin III (Mr∼ 17,000). The density of each isolated lipophorin was determined from the refractive index of KBr following density gradient centrifugation. Immunoblotting with anti‐larvalManduca sextaapolipophorin I and II of the apoproteins separated by SDS‐PACE indicated cross reactivity between anti‐M sextaapoLp‐ll and apoLp‐ll in all species tested. Anti‐M sextaapoLp‐l exhibited no cross reactivity for any species tested. Fluorescent lectin staining of the apoproteins separated on SDS‐PAGE gels revealed the presence of covalently bound

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe metabolism of [3H]‐ecdysone has been investigated at times of low and high endogenous ecdysteroid tit re, in early and late fifth‐instarSchistocerca gregarialarvae, respectively. Ecdysone‐3‐acetate, 20‐hydroxyecdysone, and 20,26‐dihydroxyecdysone were identified as metabolites in both the free form and as polar conjugates. Comparison of the intact polar conjugates of the ecdysteroid acetates on two HPLC systems with the corresponding authentic compounds indicated that they were 3‐acetylecdysone‐2‐phosphate and 3‐acetyl‐20‐hydroxyecdysone‐2‐phosphate. Other major polar metabolites were identified as ecdysonoic acid and 20‐hydroxyecdysonoic acid. Ecdysone metabolism in fifth‐instar S.gregariais apparently an age‐dependent process. Early in the instar, excretion of both free and conjugated ecdysteroids, as well as ecdysteroid 26‐acids, occurs. At this stage the level of ecdysteroid acetates in the conjugated (phosphate) form is high, in contrast to the free ecdysteroids, where ecdysone predominates. When the endogenous hormone titre is high, the formation of ecdysteroid acetates is less, the major excreted matabolites at that stage being conjugated 20‐hydroxyecdysone together with ecdysteroid‐26‐acids, but little free ecdysteroids. Acetylation of ecdysone occurs primarily in the gastric caecae. Ecdysone‐3‐acetate (mainly as polar conjugate) is also a major product of ingested ecd

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA double‐antibody ecdysone‐specific radioimmunoassay was used to clarify whether the effects on metamorphosis of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene are correlated with changes in ecdysteroids level. It appears that a small ecdysteroids peak, 5 days before pupation, is responsible for the transition from inhibition to defective metamorphosis. Study of the changes in ecdysteroid titer in last‐instar larvae treated with the JHA 2 days prior to the appearance of the above small ecdysteroids' peak showed an immediate reduction in ecdysteroid level, followed by cyclic, successively reduced titer for about 20 days. After this period the larvae ceased to feed and entered to a diapauselike stage which ended in the death of the larvae. A similar effect on ecdysteroid titer and developmental arrest was exhibited by JHA‐treated first‐instar larvae. The mechanism of the interactions between JHA and ecdysteroid level deserves further inve

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0739-4462    

DOI:10.1002/arch.940010411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY