ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929857

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To design new—or to redesign old—manufacturing facilities in the future will require a much broader systems view than has been used in the past. Thetotalecosystem, in which the manufacturing sub-system is merely one component, must be considered and optimized. This has not been done in the past, to the detriment of the ecosystem. The problem is therefore one where the internal activities of the manufacturing system must be correlated with the externalities in the larger ecosystem in order to achieve the necessary optimization. The real problem is how to do this, and how should the internalities and externalities be measured? Examples are given to indicate the magnitude of the problem. The two most directly related factors causing it are suggested to be overpopulation and inadequate and inappropriate decision criteria in the form of product cost minimization. The former creates facilities design conditions and increasing rates of use of basic resources. The latter creates inadequate systems designs, as history has so recently demonstrated. The problem therefore is to establish better criteria, more efficient measures of effectiveness, and hopefully to develop studies that will replace empiricism and intuition with known measurements that will allow optimization of the total ecosystem leading to an improved ‘ quality of life ’ for all.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929858

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Following a short historical introduction the problems encountered in the control of different types of industrial processes are compared. Processes are divided into batch processes, continuous processes operating in steady state for long periods and quasi-batch processes, in which the control, when going from one steady state to another, is important. The modelling and development of control strategies for a narrow, hot-steel-strip rolling mill are discussed in detail by way of illustration and it is demonstrated how an iterative procedure can be used with ‘ feedforward ’ to give a near optimal control, advantage being taken of the inevitable time-delays that occur between stands. In the Appendix the formal mathematical relationships underlying the modelling and control of different manufacturing systems are set out and discussed while in § 4 the ways in which these techniques can at present be used are described. Finally, the developments which may be expected during the next few years are discussed.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929859

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author gives a view of the present methods for evaluation of cutting fluids and emphasizes that reliable selection can be made by means of cutting processes, exclusively. Regarding their time-consuming and rather expensive nature the necessity arises to develop short-run tests. He describes two short-run tests introduced in Hungary and proves their efficiency on the basis of experiments. One of these tests is used in the low-speed range and leads to the cutting force reducing the effect of the fluid ; the other is applied in the speed range v > 20 m/min reflecting the complex friction reducing effect. The latter test can be expressed in the Taylor equation.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929860

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines a special class of behaviour in organizations, namely, social relations between managers of functionally interdependent departments. It is organized around three topics : (1) A discussion of the problem of interdepartmental relations. (2) An overview of theoretical and applied findings on this problem. (3) Some views on the form of future research on this problem.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929861

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Western society is well embarked on the transition from the industrial to the post-industrial era, The structures of the industrial organization, in particular, are growing increasingly dysfunctional because they stand at the confluence of changes involving technology, social values, the economic environment, organizational design, job design and the practices of management. Unless their managers can adapt, these industries will be the first to be hit by crisis and massive dislocation. However, theoretical and practical studios in ‘ socio-tochnical systems ’ under way in England. Norway and the United States during the last 20 years, suggest ways in which production organizations can fit themselves to the new characteristics inherent in the post-industrial field. In such a modified environment, jobs will be characterized by greater autonomy, adaptability, variety and participation. In return, workers will offer a higher degree of commitment to the job and the organization. Several examples and case studies are cited to support and illustrate the socio-technical approach to organizational design.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929862

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper discusses a deductive strategy for the design of systems in contrast to the more conventional inductive strategy, and indicates the improvements which may be achieved by the use of the Ideals Concept. Practical examples are quoted indicating the effectiveness of the strategy

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929863

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study involves the human sciences aspects of the scheme for the automation of meat handling in the London Docks. The automation system has been created by the joint work of the Port of London Authority, the Blue Star Line, Thames Stevedoring Ltd., Fisholow Ltd., and E.M.J. Electronics Ltd., based on the system design of Fisholow Ltd. The existing methods for meat handling and the concept, aim and design of the new system are outlined, The role and work of the EMIE Ergonomics Laboratory is described, embracing :(1) review and comments on the system design ;(2) much detailed equipment design :(3) applied research project to solve serious problems ;(4) simulation, selection and other aspects ;(5) comprehensive training programme. Based on this work, some deductions and suggestions are made about the applied human sciences in relation to such system projects. Finally, some general conclusions are offered about the place of men in this type of system.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929864

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper indicates the limitations on improved performance arising from physical effort and from information handling and outlines the role of training in improving job performance. Changes in jobs indicate that physical limitations will play less and less part but that other areas of job knowledge will be needed. In particular, the developments in job design may call for radically different areas of training than formerly.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929865

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The basic problems of production planning are described and the objectives of the planner considered in relation to the published mathematical attempts to solve his problems. The advent of terminal connections to computers has made it possible for the production planner to find acceptable solutions to his problem which may be non-optimal but which are at a lower cost than he would otherwise obtain.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207547108929866

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor