摘要:

The arrangement in any physical layout is determined by the interrelationships among the activities. The number of possible arrangements is combinatorial and therefore gets very large as the number of activities increases modestly. Using the mathematics of graph theory, the upper bound to satisfying these interrelationships is developed. The zone of compromise is shown to be the area where the solutions to most practical layout problems are found. Comparisons are drawn to existing rules of thumb and a graphical summary presented.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919644

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Despite much research activity there is widespread failure to use available computer programs for planning the layout of manufacturing facilities. There appear to be two reasons for this: (a) the widely held opinion that an experienced planner can produce acceptable layouts based on his own subjective judgement, and (b) ignorance of the potential benefits of computer-aided techniques. This paper reports the results of an extensive investigation into the performance of both human planners and computer algorithms on a standard set of layout problems. Attention is drawn to the important concepts of flow dominanceFand problem complexity. Well known computer programs such as CRAFT and CORELAP were included in the research as well as new programs developed by the authors. Wherever possible, results are expressed in a non-dimensional form so that those responsible for layout planning can select the technique most suited to their particular application.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919645

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is generally agreed that flexibility in job-shop layouts is a desirable goal which must be planned for in a systematic fashion. Not generally available, however, are procedures by which alternate layout designs can be quantitatively evaluated with respect to the amount of flexibility a particular layout may possess.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919646

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simulation study of an actual shoe manufacturing factory consisting of seven departments is presented. This-study is part of an investigation which was directed at understanding the characteristics of the production system and to assess its behaviour under alternative operating policies. Within the context of this paper, the policies tested consist of a set of scheduling rules which were selected with regard to the characteristics of the system studied as well as the practicality of the rules. The present rules used in the factory and two alternative rules are compared and their effectiveness evaluated by reference to selected performance criteria.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919647

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a two-stage lot production system, even in a pure flow-type, it is inevitable that idle periods arise at either stage because of the differences in set-up times, processing times, or lot sizes of items produced. The duration and location of idle periods on a repetitive production line could be modified by the number of set-ups or the sequence in a production run. The character of the two-stage lot production system makes it difficult to schedule optimal plans for certain values of system parameters, such as the lot sizes of items, waiting times between stages, and the utilization of each stage.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919648

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A maintenance planning and scheduling system often resembles that of a ‘job shop’ that is, the orders are one of a kind, and is characterized by having to scheduleNorders throughMor less tasks. The orders are of two types, e.g., (a) emergency—have to be done now, and (b ) non-emergency—can be delayed until later. In this type of ‘job shop’ the schedule becomes immediately out of date as soon as an emergency order is received. Consequently non-emergency orders are continually moved back in the schedule and forecasted completion dates are not met. Further if the orders entering the system exceed the normal available capacity, the backlog will continue to increase causing more disruption of schedules. The research, which is based on a large petrochemical plant, will deal with the above problems by (a) applying dynamic decision rules for day-to-day scheduling to ensure completion dates are met, (b) a method for controlling backlog, and (c) forecasting future load, and completion dates for orders. The results of the simulation experiments applied to the machine shop will be discussed.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919649

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

GIPSI is one of several interactive computer packages currently being used within the University of Aston Management Centre both as a teaching aid and as a research tool within the area of Production and Operations Management. GIPSI allows users to simulate four principal, single product inventory policies and provides a variety of options for the introduction of demand and leadtime data. The package can accept product cost data and also related inventory operating costs. Users can either specify control parameters, or optimum values can be sought using a simplex procedure. Information produced by the package covers such measures as: average stock levels, stockout frequency and durations, net revenue (with and without inflation) and also service levels.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919650

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper is based on a critical analysis of 27 published case-studies on productivity improvement efforts. First, the paper emphasizes why productivity is important for individual companies, for organizations as well as for nations, and outlines the most commonly used definitions and measures of productivity. Next, the paper attempts to identify all the productivity-related factors mentioned in the case-studies, and puts them under various groups of factors in such a way that each group falls under the general responsibility of one of the traditional functional managers. Further, the paper gives a critical review of commonly used, specialized productivity measures as they exist in the various U.S. industry groups, such as manufacturing, government, service industry, and others. An additional two sections are devoted to the critical assessment of the major contributors to productivity, and to the uncontrollable situations (statesof nature) that can damage productivity efforts. These two sections are followed by a focus on common problems in measuring productivity and on the misdirected efforts of certain companies or organizations. Next, the paper proposed an all-encompassing composite measure of productivity for the benefit of managers, and also outlines a sequence of essential steps that must be accomplished to obtain excellent productivity results from investment in improvement efforts. Finally, the paper underlines those precautions and safeguards without which most productivity efforts can end in futility. This section also outlines a philosophy for productivity personnel, which is—“Productivity improvement is an organic, effort-needing, time-consuming, and ongoing process.”

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919651

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During 1978 a pilot study was carried out among a number of companies and institutes in North-Western Europe. The purpose was to determine by what ways, and means management know-how is being transferred from Western Europe to the Third World. The concept of management know-how was restricted to those aspects which are required to manage (a part of) an industrial enterprise or another organization in order to achieve (economic) results. Five areas of management know-how were distinguished

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919652

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Engineers and researchers concerned with the prediction of human performance in man-machine systems have been studying the effect of various factors like information processing, decision-making and discrete motor responses involved in a man-machine system. This paper presents the experimental study which investigated the effect of Informational load (H), Index of Difficulty (ID), Direction of Movement (A} and the Plane Angle of Move (V) on performance time in a combined manual and decision task. A completely randomized 3x3x4x6 factorial design was used in studying the effect of/7,ID, Aand Nonperformance time for a task where subjects were subjected to informational load and were required to perform a simple psychomotor task. Ten subjects were used.H, IDandAwere found to be significant variables affecting performance time whereasVwas not a significant determinent. The performance time was longer for movements to the left than to the right hand side, moves with best performance time being obtained from 120°to 140°range. A model to predict performance time for given levels ofH,IDandAhas been developed. The findings may be of great help to the designers of machines and jobs involving execution of combined manual and decision tasks.

ISSN:0020-7543    

DOI:10.1080/00207548008919653

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor