摘要:

While according to recent investigations cyanocobalamin (CN‐B12), so far the most commonly used vitamin B12preparation, must be considered an “artificial product”, hydroxocobalamin (OH‐B12) is probably one of the forms of vitamin B12which occurs naturally in the animal organism.The main object of the present study was to elucidate the difference in retention following intramuscular injection of CN‐B12and OH‐B12, among other things with a view to the applicability of OH‐B12in the treatment of pernicious anaemia.After i. m. injection of about 1 mg CN‐B12and OH‐B12, normal subjects excreted within 24 hours about 80 per cent and about 25 per cent, respectively, in the urine. This corresponds a retention of about 20 per cent CN‐B12compared with about 75 per cent OH‐B12.The serum concentrations about 1 hour after the injection were approximately the same whether CN‐B12or OH‐B12was given. Thereafter, the concentration of CN‐B12fell far more rapidly than that of OH‐B12, so that during the subsequent 48 hours the OH‐B12concentration was 3–6 times higher than the CN‐B12concentration.Dialysis experiments showed that OH‐B12passes far more slowly through a cellophane membrane than does CN‐B12, and that OH‐B12is bound to the serum proteins in far greater quantities than is CN‐B12. The amount of bound, i. e. non‐dialysable, CN‐B12increased only slightly with increasing total concentration, while the amount of bound OH‐B12increased proportionally, making up about two‐thirds of the total concentration.These two factors – greater binding to the serum proteins and slower diffusion of non‐bound OH‐B12– reduce glomerular filtration and must be considered the main explanation why far less of injected OH‐B12than of injected CN‐B12is lost in the urine.It is concluded that owing to its excellent retention in the organism – without addition of absorption‐retarding substances – hydroxocobalamin (OH‐B12) must be particularly suited for the treatment of pernicious anaemia and other B12deficiencies, all the more so as OH‐B12is presumably a physiological vitamin B12.In maintenance

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1ADP induces platelet aggregation and thrombosisin vivo.2. ADP‐induced thrombi are rapidly broken down. 3. Sudden occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by microthrombi induces respiratory arrest. 4. The significance of ADP in the pathogenesis of thrombosis is discusse

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the foetal erythropoiesis in mouse foetuses, a change from nucleated erythroblasts to anuclear erythrocytes takes place within a period of a little more than 24 hours. This change is due to extrusion of the nuclei. The present findings give rise to the assumption that it would be reasonable to consider the primitive erythroblasts which are characteristic of early foetal erythropoiesis as well as the subsequent definitive erythroblasts to be links in a continued and gradual developmental series, not as two generations of foetal blood cells. The possibility of nuclear extrusion in human foetal erythropoiesis and medullary erythropoiesis is discussed.

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of a study on the content of erythropoietic‐stimulating factor in the serum, urine and extracts from tumour tissue and normal renal tissue from a patient with erythrocytosis and hypernephroma of the left kidney are reported. Extracts from the solid parts of the tumour showed a high concentration of this factor. It seems reasonable to assume that this factor, which is presumed to be responsible for the patient's erythrocytosis, was produced by the tumour cells.Increased concentrations of erythropoietic‐stimulating factor were also revealed in the serum and urine after operation. Analyses of the metastases were not performed, but itseems reasonable to assume that these also produced an erythropoietic‐stimulating f

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To elucidate how often the presence of leucocyte antibody in the serum of a pregnant woman will lead to the development of neonatal clinically significant neutropenia in her child, a group of 44 infants, all borne by mothers with leucocyte antibody in their sera, were followed over their first three months of life by means of clinical and haematological investigations. At the clinical investigations the infants presented no conspicuous deviations from normal, especially no particularly high frequency of infections was found.At the haematological investigations, the first of which was not performed, however, until the infants were two weeks old, no reduced mean counts of leucocytes or granulocytes were found in the group. No single case of neutropenia or granulocytopenia was found, and in particular the infants with infectious diseases presented none of these symptoms.Since the study shows that neonatal neutropenia with severe infectious disease does not usually develop in cases with materno‐foetal leucocyte incompatibility, the authors suggest that the cases of neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal leucocyte antibody reported in the literature might be accounted for by a coincidence of the two phenomena.Furthermore, the results of the leucocyte‐immunological investigations performed are discussed, particularly with a view to the relationship between the leucocyte antibody conditions in the mother and her offspring.This study was supported by grants from The Danish State Research Foundation (Statens almindelige Videnskabsfond) and The Foundation in Aid of Medical Science (Fonden til Lægevidenskabens Fre

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study comprises observations of Se.Cu changes in 29 patients with Hodgkin's disease during treatment with cancertherapeutics and roentgen. It appears that these alterations follow the clinical condition closely, and that they can be used in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect. The alterations are often pronounced and appear early, often they are the first indications of effect. Consequenetly, the Se.Cu determination will be of prognostic value in the treatment. Favourable effect of the applied therapy, with improvement of the clinical condition, is always accompanied by a decrease in Se.Cu. Absence of a fall in Se.Cu during treatment seems definitely to indicate resistance to treatment. Increase in Se.Cu is as a rule accompanied by an aggravation of the patient's condition and by activation of the disease.

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1Heparin was found to have an inhibiting effect on various fibrinolytic activators by themselves, namely on urokinase, pig heart activator, stable tissue activators contained in prostatic extracts and myoma extracts, and on the labile bone marrow activator. The inhibiting effect of heparin monosulphuric acid was equal to that of heparin.2Heparin was also found to inhibit the fibrinolytic activity in urokinase‐ and streptokinase‐activated human plasma and the activator activity which develops in plasma after injection of nicotinic acid and after application of venous stasis.3Inhibition of fibrinolytic activators required by themselves large amounts of heparin (10–1000 units per ml). In the presence of plasma even low concentrations of heparin (0.5 to 2.5 units per ml) caused some inhibition. In none of the concentrations tested could any enhancing effect of heparin on fibrinolysis be noted.4Heparin had no effect on plasmin activity when plasmin was mixed with heparin alone or when heparin was added to plasma with plasmin activity.5With heparinized blood it was found necessary to add a larger amount of thrombin in the determination of the euglobulin clot lysis time if false short times were to be avoided.6The clinical significance of the antifibrinolytic effect of heparin is disc

ISSN:0036-553X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1964.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY