摘要:

After varying lengths of baseline, initiation of a feedback system increased the daily use of operant training methods by non‐professional hall personnel in a state institution for retarded childre

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-1

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The design of a programmed course in introductory psychology, utilizing an interview procedure, is described. The performance of students in this course was compared with that of students covering the same subject matter but taught in a more conventional manner. Students in the experimental course scored significantly higher on objective and essay final examinations and rated the course more positively.

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-5

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cumulative time measures of classroom attention, as delineated by the teacher, were taken of four elementary classes (kindergarten, third, fifth, and sixth grades) and of 16 randomly chosen students in these same classes. Each class of students was viewed as an individual responding organism. Base rates showed considerable variability. Explicit instructions alone concerning student attention produced temporary increase for some students and for some grades. Adding group contingencies (i.e., contingencies dependent on the attention of every student in the class) and token‐mediated reinforcement to class achievement of a gradually increasing attention criterion raised group measures to a consistent 70 to 85% level of time attending to task as instructed, and raised individual student measures to a stable 90 to 100% level. Reversals and other data indicate that the elementary teacher can, by herself and with little effort, maximize what she considers the “paying‐attention behavior” of all her students by her less‐than‐precise measure and consequation of the attention of the class

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-13

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several experiments exploring the effects of certain behavioral procedures were performed on a psychiatric ward for delinquent soldiers. Within the context of a point economy, the behavioral procedures were examined for their applicability to this patient group in a hospital‐ward setting. The following procedures were studied: (1) use of points as consequences for specific behaviors compared with demonstration of “model” behavior by a ward officer; (2) punishment by a point‐fine to control undesired behavior; (3) use of a chaining‐type reinforcement contingency to increase desired behavior; (4) differential reinforcement of the individualversusthe group to increase the frequency of a verbal performance; and (5) reinforcement of reports of personal problemsversusimpersonal

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-29

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimenter presented English words to three intermediate‐level children and reinforced accurate imitation of these words. The experimenter also presented novel Spanish words, but the imitation of these words was never experimentally reinforced. One subject quickly ceased performing non‐reinforced imitative responses. The other two subjects were exposed to a series of conditions designed to facilitate discrimination. Upon observing the first subject for one session they immediately ceased imitating Spanish demonstrations. For all three subjects, when reinforcement was delivered for responses other than imitation, all imitative responses eventually ceased. When reinforcement was reintroduced for English imitations there was an immediate resumption of such responses to their previous 100% level. The occurrence of non‐reinforced imitations in this and previous studies was discussed as being a function of one or combination of four variables: (1) similarity acquiring conditioned reinforcing properties, or (2) instructional, (3) coincidental, or (4) conditional stimulus generaliz

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-39

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A token reinforcement system for the reduction of institutionalized behavior in a chronic psychiatric ward is described. Quantitative assessments were made of the effects of the system on five types of positively reinforced behavior, two types of unreinforced behavior, and two types of fined behavior. To assess whether these effects were a function of the token procedures, three experiments were carried out, the first removing tokens for a brief period, the second making tokens non‐contingent on behavior, and the third removing fines in one area while maintaining them in another. The token procedures were found to be the source of the observed improvement

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-47

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The attendance rates of welfare recipients at self‐help group meetings was compared when supplementary reinforcement was given for attending and when it was not. Reinforcers included donated items, such as clothing and household goods, and information about welfare services. It was found that the attendance at meetings averaged three recipients per meeting without reinforcement and 15 recipients per meeting with reinforcement. There was evidence that attendance was associated with participation in other self‐help activities. It was concluded that practical forms of reinforcement can be found to maintain the participation of severely disadvantaged populations in self‐help g

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-57

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-65

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8855    

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1970.3-73

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY