摘要:

The concepts of hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia are often confused, but can be usefully distinguished with the following definitions: hypertext is text with links, multimedia is synchronized media, and hypermedia is multimedia with links. The computer storage and processing requirements for multimedia are orders of magnitude greater than those for hypertext. Nevertheless, the hypertext model can be extended to deal with hypermedia by including multimedia synchronization capabilities.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914658

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The problem of (semi-)automatically turning text into hypertext is one that has been identified as important to the growth and development of hypertext as a way of organising information. In this paper we describe an approach we have developed to semi-automatically generate a hypertext from linear texts. This is based on initially creating nodes and composite nodes composed of ‘mini-hypertexts’. Following this we then compute node-node similarity values using standard information retrieval techniques. These similarity measures are then used to selectively create node-node links based on the strength of similarity between nodes. What makes our process novel is that the link creation process also uses values from a dynamically computed metric which measures the topological compactness of the overall hypertext being generated. Thus link creation is a selective process based not only on node-node similarity but also on the overall layout of the hypertext. Experiments on generating a hypertext from a collection of 846 software product descriptions comprising 8.5 Mbytes of text are described. Our experiments with a variety of IR techniques and link creation approaches yield some guidelines on how the process should be automated. Finally, this text to hypertext conversion method is put into the context of an overall hypertext authoring tool currently under development.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914659

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Current generation of hypertext systems suffer from the limitations that they are static in nature, and they do not support the automated process of link creation very well. Because of the efforts involved in manually creating links, the hyperbases created using these systems are seldom modified even when they were found not to fully support the requirements of the intended users. This paper studies the development of automated tools to aid in the process of link creation, browsing, and link refinement. Only relation links are considered in this study. The automated tools are developed to help in three of the major stages of developing and using hypertext applications: (a) during authoring to generate a set of relation links between pairs of nodes; (b) during browsing to recommend an optimal set of starting nodes for the users to begin browsing, and to guide the users at each stage of browsing by suggesting a set of “next” nodes to traverse; and, (c) during training to modify, remove and add links based on users' feedback data collected. The training will result in long-term changes in the hypertext structure.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914660

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this paper is to present an alternative paradigm to the traditional Knowledge Based Expert Systems Paradigm for developing a full-scale Intelligent Tutoring System that has dominated for years Intelligent Tutoring Systems development. This alternative paradigm which integrates Minsky's Frames with hypertext has been successfully deployed so far in the development of PEDRO, an Intelligent Tutoring System for foreign language learning, SONATA, an Intelligent Tutoring System for music theory learning and INTUITION, an Intelligent Tutoring System for Gaming-Simulation.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914661

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of probabilistic models is to define a retrieval strategy within which documents can be optimally ranked according to their relevance probability, with respect to a given request. In this scheme, the underlying probabilities are estimated according to a history of past queries along with their relevance judgments. Having evolved over the last twenty years, these estimations allow us to take both document frequency and within-document frequency into account.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914662

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hypermedia technology is seen as offering potentially innovative support for the process of writing as much as information access and reading. However authoring environments to date have had little impact in the real-world production of text. One possible reason is our poor conceptualisation of current writing practice. In the present paper, 31 adult writers kept diaries of their writing activities over the course of one week. The results indicate that for most people, real world writing is a short communicative act aimed at a limited audience and that technological support for such writing is less likely to resemble a hypermedia workstation than a portable personal communication device. Implications for work in the design of authoring tools are developed.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914663

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Half-dead hypertext has links where the user has to do some work to retrieve the destination nodes (for example mount a CD-ROM or send an email message). Also, response times may be so slow that users do not have the normal hypertext feeling of freely navigating an information space. This is in contrast to normal live hypertext where the nodes appear immediately upon activation of a link anchor and dead hypertext where the links are simple cross-references to material that is not available on the computer and thus cannot be retrieved at all. Half-dead hypertext can be used in cases where live links are technically difficult or impossible to support. One example is the electronic business card, which is a link to further information about its owner. Electronic business cards can be transmitted between personal digital assistants and will allow the recipient to link to much more extensive information than can be transmitted and stored on a PDA platform. Also, electronic business card links can be printed in brochures, research papers, and other non-electronic media from which access to the server can be made with human intervention.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914664

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hypermedia is defined as an interactive multimedia application where discrete information units of various formats can be accessed in nonlinear ways. This kind of application does differ from traditional information delivery systems in allowing the user considerable freedom in making navigational decisions; users are able to determine, at least to some extent, the media-form of presentation and the order of material presented. However given this freedom, it is possible in some situations that learners might stray from the teacher's instructional objective and become overly engaged in unrelated browsing activities. This study investigates navigational behaviors made by college undergraduate music appreciation students who used a hypermedia program as a supplement to traditional instruction. Results indicated that students accessed these materials in strikingly different ways. While some users read the screens in linear fashion not viewing any multimedia nodes, others made many nonlinear jumps and investigated multimedia nodes often. Although most students did access the musical nodes, most did not listen to the musical examples in their entirety. Overall lesson length varied considerably. Results also indicated that students acted in dynamic fashions, making many navigational actions that were not related to the established instructional objective.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914665

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Users' questions can provide important design input. In this paper we examine the questions that users asked after viewing a series of seven video clips and then classify them into three main categories: questions relating to perception difficulties; questions concerning lack of understanding due to some form of dissonance and questions requiring more content information. There are three benefits from analyzing these questions, which will enable designers to improve their designs. First, our approach provides a breakdown of die questions that users ask which can be used by designers to determine what kind of additional information should be made available. Second, it provides a user-centered way of determining where to make links. Third, it enables designers to detect usability and pedagogic problems early in the design of video-based hypermedia.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914666

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Multimedia information systems, supplied on CD-ROM, are fast becoming a popular consumer product. A huge and growing range of titles is available from high street computer, electrical goods and book shops. In an attempt to provide a compact set of evaluation criteria for these products, established methods in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-assisted learning (CAL) and information retrieval are considered. The needs and desires of the home user are substantially different from those of the work place or education user. Observations from product use, and an interview study with home multimedia users, suggests that factors such as aesthetics, levels of interactivity and information content may be crucially important in user satisfaction. Factors such as interface clarity and consistency may be less important than in work place systems.

ISSN:1361-4568    

DOI:10.1080/13614569508914667

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor