ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb02987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The mechanism of C5ades Arg‐induced airway hyper‐responsiveness in rabbits was investigated.2. Airway smooth muscle from rabbits which had been pretreatedin vivo, was studiedin vitro.Tracheal rings, segmental bronchial rings, subsegmental bronchial spirals and lung parenchymal strips were all prepared from each rabbit lung.3. Although C5ades Arg produces hyper‐responsiveness to histaminein vivo, which is inhibited by indomethacin, the airway smooth muscle responsesin vitrofrom control, C5ades Arg and C5ades Arg plus indomethacin pretreated rabbits did not differ.4. The neutrophil counts in the tracheal and subsegmental bronchial specimens were increased in the C5ades Arg‐treated group. Indomethacin significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the neutrophil influx in the subsegmental bronchi.5. It is concluded that intrinsic smooth muscle function is unaltered following C5ades Arg‐induced hyper‐responsive

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Focal ischaemia was produced experimentally inMacaca radiatamonkeys by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA). There was a lowering of the dopamine (DA) content of basal ganglia after 4 and 12 h of occlusion.2. DA content was restored to normal in basal ganglia after restoration of blood flow. With the progress of time the DA content was increased above that of sham controls. Changes were also observed in the non‐occluded left basal ganglia.3. The homovanillic acid (HVA) content was decreased significantly at 12 h after occlusion. After the onset of reflow, the HVA content of the right basal ganglia was higher than that of sham controls.4. The 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content of right basal ganglia was significantly decreased after 12 h occlusion. Reflow restored the level of DOPAC to normal within 1 h after removal of clip.5. Discrete changes were also observed in the left basal ganglia at some of the time interval

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Inactive renin has been studied extensively in human plasma, but in animal plasma its accurate quantification has proved more difficult, due partly to higher activity of plasma protease inhibitors. Such activity in human plasma can be conveniently destroyed by a metalloprotease inBitis arietansvenom, with concommitant release of endogenous enzyme activities, such as plasma kallikrein, that then activate inactive renin. It was therefore of interest to look for inactive renin in rat and rabbit plasma using this approach, so providing, in addition, a comparison for the disparate data of other groups who have used trypsin or acid for activation.2. In both rat and rabbit plasma the proportion of inactive renin was 62% of total renin, whereas human plasma contained more inactive renin and a higher proportion, 82%. A higher concentration of venom was required for rat (33 ug venom/ml plasma) and rabbit (4 μg/ml) than needed for activation, at a similar rate, in human plasma (1 μg/ml).3. When applied to studies of rats made hypertensive and hyper‐reninaemic by aortic ligation for 5 days, higher total (active + inactive) renin was observed. The proportion of inactive renin, as a percentage of total renin in plasma collected at this time, was, however, found to diminish significantly.4. In conclusion, puff adder venom activates inactive renin in rat and rabbit plasma and can be used to study physiological changes in inactive renin in such animal pla

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effects of corticosteroid pretreatment on the contraction caused by acetylcholine or electrical stimulation of guinea‐pig ileum and duodenum were studied.2. The acetylcholine dose‐response curves for steroid pretreated ileum but not duodenum were significantly shifted to the right; evidence that pretreated ileum required higher dose of acetylcholine than normal to cause 50% maximal contraction.3. Naloxone enhanced the contraction of normal ileum caused by acetylcholine given at the dose of ED50, but not that of normal duodenum.4. The dose of morphine required to abolish electrically induced contraction was higher in steroid pretreated ileum than in normal ileum.5. Hence, corticosteroid pretreatment may affect intestinal contractility via opioidergic mechanisms which are found in the ileum but not in the duode

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The use of sodium molybdate as a stabilizing agent, and a RU26988 to exclude [3H]aldosterone from Type II glucocorticoid receptors, has enabled us to characterize high affinity Type I aldosterone binding sites in rat liver cytosol.2. In liver cytosols from male rats aldosterone bound with an affinity (Kd‐22°C) of 0.6 nmol/l (range 0.3–0.8 nmol/l), and Nmax1.7 fm/mg protein (s.e.m. = 0.4); specificity of binding was similar to that for Type I sites in classical aldosterone target tissues (aldosterone ≥ corticosterone>dexamethasone).3. Hepatic Type I receptor levels were relatively constant in both male and female rats aged 30–120 days, with levels significantly higher in females.4. Parallel studies on hepatoma H4 cells showed levels of Type I sites similar to those in normal liver, suggesting a general distribution of such sites throughout liver parenchyma, rather than a concentration in a specific cell type.5. The function of such Type I sites, and whether or not they are aldosterone‐selectivein vivoand can thus act as mineralocorticoid receptors, remains to be

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The aim of this study was to determine whether the kaliuresis associated with glucocorticoids is due to a direct tubular action or is secondary to effects of glucocorticoids on distal tubule flow.2. A whole kidney technique was used to avoid the problem, inherent in microperfusion and micropuncture studies, of deciding whether (all) the appropriate nephron segment(s) are being studied.3. The method used was to determine the best whole kidney measure of distal tubule flow (the independent variable) by correlating this with the dependent variable (potassium excretion, corrected for differences in plasma potassium, UkV/PlK+) in conscious intact and adrenalectomized control and potassium‐adapted rats.4. After an intragastric potassium chloride load, the correlation of UkV/PlK+with UkV + UNaV was better than with either UNaV or UV, as measures of distal tubule flow. From the relationship a measure of potassium excretion independent of distal tubule flow can thus be calculated as UkV/PlK+÷ (UkV + UNaV), defined as UK#.5. Measurement of UK# clearly demonstrates decreases in potassium excretion with adrenalectomy and increases in potassium excretion with aldosterone and in the potassium‐adapted rat, consistent with described changes in potassium secretion. In contrast, with dexamethasone treatment, whilst there was an increase in UkV and UkV/PIK+, there was no change in UK# either in the control of potassium‐adapted rats.6. These results suggest that the kaliuretic effect of dexamethasone cannot be attributed to direct tubular effects of glucocorticoids but rather can be explained by its effect on distal tubul

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The effect of increases in heart rate on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations was investigated in conscious rabbits.2. Plasma ANP concentrations were significantly increased following abrupt increases in heart rate produced by atrial pacing at 400 beats/min. Pacing at 300 beats/min resulted in smaller increases in plasma ANP concentration.3. Stepwise increases in heart rate produced by atrial pacing at 250, 300, 350 and 400 beats/min resulted in increases in plasma ANP concentrations at 400 beats/min only.4. The increase in plasma ANP concentration during atrial pacing correlated significantly with the increase in heart rate achieved.

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), given as long‐acting Synacthen depot (Ciba‐Geigy), at 1000 μg/day, in divided doses 12 hourly, is known to increase blood pressure in man.2. Fifty μg/day of short‐acting Synacthen given intravenously produced a rise in blood pressure and may be a threshold dose.3. Twelve hourly intramuscular injections of short‐acting Synacthen over the dose range 100–400 μg/day was not sufficient to raise bl

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Antimicrobial Drugs.By William B. Pratt and Robert Fekety.Dictionary of Pharmacology.By W. C. Bowman, Anne Bowman and Alison Bowman.Pathophysiology of Electrolyte and Renal Disorders.Edited by H. David Humes.

ISSN:0305-1870    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY