ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated the occurrence of color vision loss in 75 styrene-exposed workers and in 60 referents. Color vision was evaluated by adopting the Lanthony D 15 desaturated panel, a test specifically suited to detect mild acquired dyschromatopsia. The results of the test were expressed as Color Confusion Index. Styrene exposure was evaluated with both environmental and biological monitoring. Airborne levels of the solvent were 3.3 to 549.5 mg/m3. In styrene-exposed workers color vision was significantly impaired when compared with referents matched for age. A significative correlation was found between environmental and urinary levels of styrene and Color Confusion Index excluding the influence of age in multiple regression analysis, indicating the possibility of a dose-effect relationship. The findings suggest that styrene can induce an early appearance of a dose-dependent color vision loss.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Flight helmets have been recommended as aircrew head protection since 1908, yet debate continues regarding their effectiveness. Estimates of helmet use in civilian helicopter aeromedical programs range from 6.5% to 13%. The effectiveness of the Army's SPH-4 flight helmet in reducing severe head injuries sustained during helicopter accidents was evaluated using the accident data base at the US Army Safety Center, Fort Bucker, Alabama. Analysis was restricted to severe (Class A) accidents that were at least partially survivable, using US Army Safety Center criteria. Occupants not wearing a protective helmet were significantly more likely to sustain severe and fatal head injuries than were occupants wearing the SPH-4 (BR = 3.8 and 6.3, respectively; P < .01). Unhelmeted noncockpit occupants were at higher risk of head injuries (BB = 5.3 and 7.5; P < .01). All personnel regularly participating in helicopter flight, civilian or military, should be equipped with protective headgear.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a prospective cohort study of 3893 shipyard workers, we estimated the value of medical monitoring, including chest radiograph, spirometry, and questions about smoking habits, asbestos exposure, and respiratory symptoms, as predictors of the risk of developing mesothelioma. There was no strong association between different exposure parametersand risk of mesothelioma. Impaired lung function and smoking were not predictors of risk of mesothelioma. Pleural plaque was not found to be associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma. Respiratory symptoms were of low value as predictors of risk of mesothelioma. Thus, traditional methods in health monitoring seem to be of low value in identifying persons with a high risk of mesothelioma in populations exposed to asbestos.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In light of findings suggesting an increase in the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men exposed to phenoxyherbioides and concerns among veterans over Agent Orange exposure, a hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to examine the association between military service in Vietnam and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The cases consisted of 201 Vietnam-era veteran patients who were treated in one of 172 Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals from 1969 through 1985 with a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 358 Vietnam- era veteran patients with a diagnosis other than malignant lymphoma served as a comparison group. Military service information was obtained from a review of the veteran's military personnel records. Service in Vietnam did not increase the risk of non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma either in general (branch adjusted odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 0.70- 1.50) or with increased latency period as defined as the duration in years from first service in Vietnam to hospital discharge. Surrogate measures of potential Agent Orange exposure such as service in a specific military branch, in a certain region within Vietnam, or in a combat role as determined by military occupational specialty were not associated with any increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Department of Veterans Affairs previously conducted a proportionate mortality study of Army and Marine Vietnamera veterans who died during 1965 through 1988. In the present study, 11,385 veterans who died during 1988 through 1984 and 50,743 veterans from the previous analysis made up the final sample of 68,068 veterans.When compared with all non-Vietnam veterans, Army Vietnam veterans had statistically significant excesses of deaths from external causes (proportionate mortality ratio [PMR] = 1.03), laryngeal cancer (PMR = 1.53), and lung cancer (PMR = 1.08). Marine Vietnam veterans had a significantly elevated PMR for external causes (PMR=1.06) with a significant excess of homicide deaths (PMR = 1.16) when compared to all non-Vietnam veterans. The elevated PMRs for lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among Marine Vietnam veterans reported in the earlier VA study persisted when compared with Marine non-Vietnam veterans. However, it was found that these elevations probably were due to a deficit among the Marine non-Vietnam veterans rather than an excess among Marine Vietnam veterans.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The term "asbestosis" usually has been applied to a disease characterized by diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. It was often associated with a significant adverse impact on the individual. A review of case definitions employed in published research studies shows stability of the criteria for asbestosis case definitions over the past decade. Nevertheless, additional modalities have been suggested for the early diagnosis of asbestosis. It is probable that the significance of such abnormalities may be different from that of usual asbestosis, and there is therefore a need to carefully define the manner in which the terms are used. Additional anomalies way be seen in asbestos-exposed individuals including small airway physiologic abnormality, pathologic evidence of inflammation near the airways, positive gallium scan, abnormal lung compliance, exercise test abnormalities, CAT scan findings, and highresolution CAT scan findings.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The traditional imaging technique used in the assessment of patients suspected of having silicosis or asbestos-related disease has been the chest radiograph. However, computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography have become widely available for these assessments. The relative merits of these techniques in the diagnosis of these diseases warrant review.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID