ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Each year in the United States, an estimated 800 to 1,400 people are murdered at work, and an unknown number of nonfatal injuries due to workplace violence oocur. Based on Ohio's workers' compensation claims from 1983 through 1985, police officers, gasoline service station employees, employees of the real estate industry, and hotel/motel employees were found to be at the highest risk for occupational violent crime (OVC) injury and death. Grocery store employees, specifically those working in convenience food stores, and employees of the real estate industry had the most reported rapes. Four previously unidentified industries at increased risk of employee victimization were described. Identification of industries and occupations at high risk for crime victimization provides the opportunity to focus preventive strategies to promote employee safety and security in the workplace.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Workers' compensation claims in Ohio were evaluated as a source of surveillance data for identifying workplaces at high risk of cumulative trauma disorders (OTDs) and analyzed for their demographic and industrial characteristics. During a 5- year period (1980 to 1984), 6,849 workers' compensation claims met the case criteria for CTDs. Tenosynovitis due to continuous motion was the most frequently reported condition (68%), and the wrist was the body part most frequently affected (48%). The highest case rate was observed for female workers in the 36 to 45 age group. Incidence rates for individual companies were determined and those with the highest rateB for OTDs were identified. The employer-specific rates for OTDs based on workers' compensation claims data can be used as an effective surveillance tool in locating high-risk operations where ergonomio interventions can be implemented to reduce OTD hazards.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The extent, severity, and irreversible nature of chronic lung disorders associated with occupation dictate careful review of any potentially mitigating measure. A genetic predisposition to lung injury is known to occur in the small percentage of individuals who are homozygous for ot-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, a defect in the protein needed for inactivating proteolytio enzymes released after lung injury. It was found that the contribution of homozygous affected individuals to the total population at risk for chronic lung disease is too small (0.5% to 8.0%) to warrant screening. Screening could be justified if the more prevalent heterozygous AAT-deficient individuals were also at greater risk. A literature review demonstrated that up to 27.2% of persons of Spanish and 12.3% of Anglo-Saxon heritage but virtually no blacks or persons of Eastern origin are heterozygous for AAT alleles. Some heterozygous phenotypes are statistically overrepresented in hospitalized populations and among workers with impaired lung function, suggesting that they are statistically at slightly greater risk for developing lung disease than are homozygous normal individuals. These data suggest that a screen for AAT carriers would be marginally acceptable soientlfloally, but would pose ethical questions of discrimination and equity in use of disease-detecting resources. Review of ethical criteria for screening, particularly the availability of experimental therapies, increases the cogency and reinforces /the acceptability of performing occupational tests for both homozygous and heterozygous AAT-deficient persons. Currently, programs directed at early detection of symptomatic workers coupled with reduction or elimination of offending agents are scientifically and ethically more warranted than full-scale genetic screening for AAT deficiency.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A cohort of3,342 cases constituting a random sample of all occupational back injuries compensated in Quebec (Canada) during 1981 was observed prospectively for 3 years to study associations between cumulative duration of absence from work and sex, age, site of symptoms (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), and occupation. Of the cohort members, 287 (9.7%) cumulated 6 months of absence or more. A logistic regression model showed age and site of symptoms to be the two most important risk factors associated with absences of 6 months or more. No association was found with sex or occupation. The results showed discrepancies between measures of frequency distribution of back injuries and duration of absence from work, an important finding in terms of identifying health priorities.

ISSN:1076-2752    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID