摘要:

TheNadercase highlights the related problems of airline “overbooking” and passenger “no shows,” and raises the question of what public policy should be in this area. The paper analyzes the efficiency and equity aspects of Nader's attempt to eliminate overbooking. It also focuses attention on the interplay of litigation and regulation as instruments of economic policy

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the past decade, widespread interest has developed among consumers in the formation of cooperatives, raising the question of how economically viable these cooperatives will be over time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the potential for growth of consumer cooperatives will depend on the success of cooperatives in increasing management efficiency and in developing a range of more sophisticated financial instruments, including reorganizing as capital stock cooperatives and using borrowed capital. In addition, federation, consolidation and vertical integration may be needed. These conclusions are derived from analysis of the cost functions of the cooperative firm and from comparative analysis of the structural evolution of producer marketing cooperatives and consumer cooperatives.

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within the limits of sparsely available data, this paper outlines the major barriers to effective consumption for Hispanic‐Americans. These barriers are (a) the consumers' own circumstances, attitudes, values and goals; (b) deficiencies in the structure of the markets they typically patronize; and (c) exploitative practices of merchants with whom they come in contact. A research agenda is proposed to provide a basis for overcoming these barrier

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A local consumer market is informationally imperfect and welfare‐reducing to the extent that it is characterized by extensive price dispersion unexplained by utility‐conferring properties of the product. This article reports a study to ascertain the extent of informational imperfections for 17 representative products in Syracuse, New York. Except for food, most products exhibited extensive and welfare‐reducing price dispersion. The article also reports on a pilot investigation of consumers' perceptions, finding them to be mostly inaccurate (except for food) and typically underestimated. The study findings suggest that consumers are both victims of and contributors to informationally imperfect markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implica

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increasingly, the professions are coming under the scrutiny of the antitrust laws. Such anticompetitive forms of professional conduct as group boycotts, arbitrary and unreasonable licensing requirements, barriers to entry and exclusionary practices, price‐fixing, stifling of innovative delivery systems, and restrictions on the scope of professional practice are reviewed in this article. Also examined are the problems encountered by the courts in applying antitrust law to the professions.The review of the literature reveals modest evidentiary support for a shift in the burden of requiring regulation to those proposing it. Several alternatives are set forth to aid in the development of procompetitive profession

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Small claims courts provide consumers with a potentially effective method for complaint resolution. Little is known, however, about the factors which influence the probability of consumers winning their cases in court or of successfully settling their cases out of court. This study estimated these probabilities using 1975–76 data from the Syracuse, New York Small Claims Court. A major goal of the research was to determine if plaintiffs' demographic characteristics, the amount and type of advice sought by plaintiffs and the specific characteristics of the cases differentially affected the probability of successful consumer outcomes. Major findings were that economic variables such as the amount of the claim and the amount offered by way of settlement of the claim primarily determined the probability of settling out of court. Neither sex nor race had any impact on the probability of winning in court. Advice from the small claims court staff and from lawyers both were found to lower the probability that the consumer would win in court. The results point to the need for more empirical analyses of small claims court cases and may aid educators in advising consumers on the use of the institution and policy makers concerned with court refor

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has demonstrated advantages of farmers' markets in price and social atmosphere. Following a multi‐method research strategy, additional investigations were done on produce flavor and pesticide residues. Double‐blind flavor trials with nine separate produce items showed a significant preference for farmers' market over supermarket produce on four items, and equivocal results for the remaining five items. Neither the farmers' market nor the supermarket produce contained detectable pesticide residues above the safe tolerance levels set by federal and state agenc

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of residential electricity demand using economic, engineering, and conservation variables was tested using data from a sample of rural residential customers served by eighteen rural electric membership cooperatives in central and southern Indiana. Electricity usage was found to be dependent upon past energy conservation efforts, even when household income, electricity prices, appliance stocks, space heating and cooling stocks, and housing characteristics were taken into account. The investigation also developed a ranking of receptivity to alternative conservation strategies. It supports public and private policies which are directed toward improving consumer attitudes toward energy conservation.

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been claimed that transfer payments to retired people reduce aggregate private saving. In their attempts to understand this issue, some writers have called for additional research to clarify the spending behavior of the older and younger households. The present paper uses regression analysis to examine the old‐young differences in expenditure patterns as revealed by the 1972–73 BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey. With data limitations noted, the findings suggest that, for consumer units headed by older (65+) and younger (<65) persons, the marginal and average propensities to spend relative to after‐tax income were virtually the same when estimated at the mean values of their respective characteristics, such as after‐tax income and family size. The statistical model utilized also suggests that, if given the older units' mean values for these characteristics, the younger group would have exhibited higher propensities to spend than th

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-0078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1982.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY