ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227299

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell line isolated from HOB1 lymphoma cells was characterized. The MDR phenotype in this cell line was typified by resistance to vincristine with varying degrees of cross-resistance to Adriamycin, colcemid and actinomycin D. Decreased intracellular [3H]vincristine with concurrent increase in the expression of a 170-kDa membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) suggested a plausible underlying mechanism for the development of resistance. Amplification of the mdr1gene as well as a homogeneous staining region on the long arm of the 7th chromosome was observed. Moreover, metabolic studies with [14C]glucosamine or [14C]mannose indicated differential expressions of membrane glycoproteins between the drug-sensitive parental and drug-resistant descendant cells. It is concluded that the development of drug resistance in HOB1 lymphoma cells was strongly correlated with the overexpression of P-glycoprotein.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227300

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hormonal therapy of breast cancer is the oldest treatment in advanced disease. Durable remissions can be obtained with a wide variety of hormonal manipulations. Oophorectomy was first used to reduce endogenous hormonal levels. Surgical procedures have been supplanted by drugs that reduce hormone secretion or block steroid hormone activity. Tamoxifen is the agent most widely used because of few side effects. Agonists can also be effective. Estrogens, androgens, and progestins have the same level of activity as surgical ablation or drug antagonists (20-40% overall response rate). More than 2,000 patients with advanced breast cancer worldwide have been treated with megestrol acetate in clinical trials. Reports of the trials show a response rate of 27%. In randomized trials, efficacy of megestrol acetate is comparable with tamoxifen and with other hormonal treatments. At the standard dose of 160 mg/day, the major side effect is weight gain. Studies are ongoing to evaluate if high doses of megestrol acetate may increase the response rate with acceptable toxicity.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Samples from 14 human colorectal carcinomas were analysed by means of classical (one-parameter) flow cytometry. (S+G2)-phase fractions were calculated from DNA histograms with the help of two different algorithms. At the same time, the percentage of cells positive for the Ki-67 antibody, which recognizes proliferating cells, was determined in cytocentrifuge preparations. Significant correlations between the two indices were found only if the histogram analysis included background subtraction and aggregate correction. This finding may throw some light on the reliability of prognosis based on flow cytometry.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227301

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Soft tissue sarcoma fresh specimens from 23 patients were screened for genetic abnormalities of 3 cellular oncogenes, i.e., c-myc and c-myb and c-Ha-ras. Southern blot hybridization analysis demonstrated amplification of the c-myc gene(4- to 8-fold) in 7 cases, i.e., 3 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 1 liposar-coma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 lymphoma of the soft tissues and 1 synovial sarcoma. Amplification of the c-myc genewas not associated to other genetic alterations such as gene rearrangement. Hybridizations with c-myb and c-Ha-ras probes showed no gene abnormalities in this series. Our results indicate that c-myc oncogene amplification may play an important role in the development of certain soft tissue sarcomas as it has been found for other human malignancies. The clinical significance of these features remains to be established.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227302

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The new marker CA 549 was determined in the serum of 258 breast cancer patients, classified according to TNM (148 at diagnosis and 110 at relapse), using a RIA method (cut-off: 10 U/ml). CEA, CA 15-3 and MCA were also evaluated. At diagnosis, CA 549 was more sensitive than the other markers, and cut-off values of 11 and 12 U/ml did not significantly reduce sensitivity. No significant correlation existed between the markers, except for CA 15-3 and CA 549 (r = 0.65). A new quantitative approach to the four markers was effected in the relapsed patients: an X value was calculated for each marker by dividing serum concentration by its cut-off. In these patients, grouped according to the area involved, marker sensitivities were similar except in locoregional relapse, where CA 549 and MCA were the most sensitive. From the data obtained, the more defined cut-off and the good specificity, it is suggested that CA 549 be routinely determined in the follow-up of the disease.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227303

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Involuntary weight loss is a frequent complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and ultimately affects the majority of patients. The deleterious effects of weight loss on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe weight loss are well recognized. Megestrol acetate induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid weight gain in patients with advanced hormone nonresponsive cancers. In a pilot study, megestrol acetate produced nonfluid weight gain in patients with AIDS. Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of megestrol acetate for the treatment of AIDS-related anorexia and cachexia have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on AIDS (1992), 65 patients with AIDS and weight loss of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or megestrol acetate 800 mg/day. Megestrol acetate-treated patients had a significantly greater mean maximum weight gain (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated patients. In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 patients with AIDS, anorexia and cachexia were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of megestrol acetate at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum weight gain of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of patients in the 800-mg megestrol acetate group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in patients receiving 800 mg megestrol acetate compared with patients receiving placebo. No significant toxicity was observed with megestrol acetate therapy. Megestrol acetate is an effective treatment for some patients with AIDS-related anorexia and cachexia.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227411

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was performed to examine if commonly recorded parameters are of prognostic importance for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. A total of 77 patients received combined chemoradiotherapy and were followed at regular intervals after treatment. Age, sex, performance status, tumour stage, histopathological differentiation and grade, were not found to be of prognostic importance. Most blood tests did not correlate with prognosis, although elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) proved to be unfavourable prognostic factors. In the present study serum ALP and LD were the only parameters that significantly correlated with development of distant metastases during follow-up.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227304

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the hepatic tissues, extent of lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidney and brain, and alterations in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hepatic tissues were monitored in mice bearing a transplantable ascitic lymphoma. These markers showed substantial alterations during the height of tumour progression when compared to controls. The GSH level, extent of lipid peroxidation, and GPX activity increased sharply after approximately 2 weeks following inoculation of ascitic cells. This was followed by a steady decline in all markers and death occurred around day 32 after inoculation.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227305

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Taxol (paclitaxel) has demonstrated good antitumor activity against metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in phase II trials. The drug is usually well tolerated. However, severe myelosuppression, including rapidly reversible neutropenia, may necessitate dose reductions and may ultimately limit its use as a long-term treatment. Sequential or simultaneous administration of Taxol and doxorubicin may enhance response rates. There appears to be no complete cross-resistance between the two drugs. Current trials are exploring the best way to deliver this combination while keeping dose-limiting toxicity to a minimum. Additionally, single-agent trials are evaluating Taxol in extensively pretreated MBC. The results of these trials are awaited with interest.

ISSN:0030-2414    

DOI:10.1159/000227413

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger