ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen patients with cirrhosis, in whom small mass lesions were detected by imaging techniques and histological diagnosis of the resected specimens was difficult, are described. There were 17 grossly discrete lesions measuring 10 × 8 mm to 27 × 22 mm. Four were compatible with so‐called adenomatous hyperplasia showing no histological features of malignancy, and eight were equivocal as to whether they were benign or malignant. The other five lesions (in four patients) were hepatocellular carcinoma, co‐existing with apparently benign lesions. The eight equivocal lesions were eventually judged to be highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. These benign‐appearing lesions, found by advanced imaging in patients with cirrhosis, create a serious problem in regions where primary liver cancer is endemic among cirrhotics, and hepatic resection is the preferred treatment.It is possible that these lesions represent a transition from adenomatous hyperplasia occurring in cirrhotic livers to hepatocellular carcinoma through a histologically equivocal state and that the current morphological methods are inadequate for differentiating malignant from benign

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of ethanol upon protein metabolism was investigated using rat hepatocytes purified by centrifugal elutriation and maintained in culture. Hepatocytes maintained in capped culture flasks allowed long‐term studies of the effects of ethanol without cytotoxic damage to cultured cells and the phenotypic integrity of cultured cells was maintained. Ethanol (25–100 mmol/1) markedly inhibited hepatocyte protein synthesis. This inhibition of protein synthesis was not due to defective uptake of amino acids but to alterations to the intracellular redox state. Extracellular redox systems did not regulate hepatocyte protein synthesis. Protein degradation was not affected by ethanol. Glycosaminoglycans secreted into the the medium and extra and intracellular hepatocyte collagen synthesis were markedly stimulated by ethanol; collagen synthesis representing 6–8% of total protein synthesis at high ethanol concentrations. These studies indicate that ethanol exerts selective effects on protein synthesis by hepatocytes in primary culture and suggest that hepatocytes may contribute significantly to perisinusoidal fibrosis in alcohol‐induced liver

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to test the hypothesis that serum levels of the amino terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PPCP III) reflect hepatic fibrosis, we have studied PPCP III levels in 30 patients with genetic haemochromatosis (GH), a disease which is characterized by progressive fibrosis without significant inflammation or necrosis. Patients with alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis were included as comparative diseases in which fibrosis occurs concurrently with inflammation and necrosis. Of 13 GH cases with cirrhosis, four (30%) had normal serum PPCP III levels, while of 17 GH cases without cirrhosis, two (12%) had elevated levels. The mean serum concentrations of the cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic GH groups were not significantly different when patients with excessive alcohol consumption (>80 g/day) were excluded from the GH groups. In 29 subjects with alcoholic liver disease, serum PPCP III correlated significantly with both fibrosis (P<0.01) and necrosis (P<0.02) but not with inflammation. In 23 subjects with chronic hepatitis, PPCP III levels correlated significantly with inflammation when assessed histologically (P<0.01) or as reflected by serum AST (P<0.01), but not with fibrosis or necrosis. Furthermore, the correlation between PPCP III and inflammation was not strengthened when the three features (inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis) were combined into a single variable. We conclude that elevated PPCP III levels in chronic liver disease do not reflect solely the extent of fibrosis but are also influenced by inflammation and necrosis and are thus of limited clinical value in predicting hepatic histopatholog

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the vast majority of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers of the world inhabit South‐east Asia, very little is known about delta infection in this area. Therefore, a serological and immunohistological study was made in the Tokyo‐Chiba area. One of 58 (1.7%) HBsAg carriers had anti‐delta antibody in a high titre in serum. Delta antigen was immuno‐histologically localized in the liver in two of 146 (1.4%) HBsAg carriers studied. The antigen was strongly stained in the nuclei, and positive cells were diffusely scattered throughout the liver in both cases. Neither subject was an illicit drug user: one had travelled to Italy 10 years earlier and the other had a blood transfusion during a 5‐year residence in Bangkok in the past.Thus, there is delta infection among non‐intravenous drug users in Japan. Delta infection has been linked to severe liver damage, occasionally fatal. Once introduced, it could become epidemic in a country where hepatitis B virus infection is endemic, and might spread among non

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMorbidity and mortality due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a matter of concern all over the world. The incidence of HBV infection depends upon the human reservoir particularly located in Asian Pacific and some of the African countries. Knowledge of the epidemiology of HBV infection is essential to formulate a strategy for its control. Six thousand and twenty‐four persons of different categories which included urban, rural, pregnant, non‐pregnant, diabetic, alcoholic and occupational high‐risk groups were tested for HBsAg. Personal and environmental factors contributing to the development of the HBsAg carrier state were studied. It was found that hospital environment, blood transfusion, perinatal transmission and urbanization were the major factors responsible for the spread of the HBV infection. A holistic approach for the control of HBV infection, which should include an improvement of the hospital and urban environment, complete exclusion of commercial blood donors and HBsAg screening of the voluntary blood donors is recommended, while immunoprophylaxis should be reserved for the protection of high‐risk groups and to prevent perinatal trans

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn 94 patients with duodenal ulcer and 44 controls, parietal cell mass (PCM), as derived from pentagastrin‐stimulated peak acid output (PAO), was significantly greater in chronic cigarette smokers than in non‐smokers. Smokers and non‐smokers did not differ in their fasting and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations, and in the frequency of familial ulcer, although basal acid output (BAO) and BAO/PAO were significantly higher in smokers, suggesting the presence of hypervagotonia. Chronic hypodermic administration of depot nicotine in rats resulted in significant dose‐dependent increase in PAO and PCM as determined histologically, supporting the results of the human studies. Acute administration of nicotine, however, did not cause any increase in acid output, indicating that it had no effect on parietal cell function. Chronic nicotine administration also led to significant increase in antral G cell mass as determined by immunohistochemical labeling, and in peptone‐stimulated serum gastrin. The effects on PCM and G cells were abolished by the simultaneous administration of atropine. Nicotine induced gastric electrical and motor activities in rats similar to those induced by carbachol, and the effects of both agents could be blocked by atropine. Nicotine had no effect on gastric mucosal blood flow in rats as estimated by neutral red clearance. We conclude that cigarette smoking in man and chronic nicotine administration in rats cause parietal cell hyperplasia, plus, in rats, G cell hyperplasia, possibly through a cholinergic

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay has been used to assess the metabolic activation of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by human colonic microsomes (S9) and a cell‐free extract ofBacteroides fragilis(Bf): 2‐aminoanthracene, 1‐naphthylamine, 2‐naphthylamine, 2‐aminofluorene, 2‐acetylaminofluorene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 3‐methylcholanthrene, 7, 12‐dimethylbenzanthracene, acridine, 9‐aminoacridine and 3‐methylindole.2‐Aminoanthracene and 2‐aminofluorene were the only compounds activated. In both cases, activation was dose‐dependent and 2‐aminofluorene exhibited synergistic activation by S9+Bf, as has previously been demonstrated with 2‐aminoanthracene.The organospecific aliphatic colonic carcinogen, 1, 2‐dimethylhydrazine was not activated in this system. Metabolic activation by S9+Bf is thus restricted to aromatic compounds with three rings and an amino group in position 2.These findings are consistent with enzymic substrate specificity, and are compatible with an enzymic basis for activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons byB. fragilis, present in large concentrations in the coloni

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe oral typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, generated an intestinal antibody response that was consistent and long‐lasting in contrast to the irregular response it generated in serum. Studies with different doses of the vaccine showed that 109organisms appeared to be around the threshold dose required for a response and there was an increase in the consistency and magnitude of the response without side effects up to the maximum dose used of 1011organisms. Revaccination after 6 months generated a further response though this response did not have the features of a memory respons

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCampylobacter‐like organisms (CLOS) occur frequently in the antrum of patients with duodenal ulcer, but their pathogenetic role has remained uncertain. This study examined prospectively endoscopic biopsies of the antrum of 109 patients with duodenal ulcer, taken before and after 4–12 weeks of treatment with either a prostaglandin E1or its placebo, for the density of campylobacter‐like organisms and the severity of antral gastritis. Antral biopsies from 30 non‐ulcer dyspeptic patients were used as controls. Active chronic antral gastritis and CLOS respectively occurred in 98% and 99% of patients with duodenal ulcer, and in 50% and 57% of the controls (P<0.005). CLOS occurred in 97% of all subjects with active chronic gastritis and in 14% of those with normal gastric mucosa (P<0.0005). The density of CLOS correlated with the severity of gastritis. After treatment with prostaglandin E1and placebo, 89% and 51% respectively of ulcers healed, and 42% and 6% respectively of gastritis improved from a moderate to a mild grade, but bacteria remained positive and persisted in the same density as before treatment. The conclusion was that CLOS, antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer are closely associated, but that healing of duodenal ulcer and improvement of antral gastritis are unaffected

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1986.tb01758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY