摘要:

Based on observations of a limited number of patients, delta (δ) infection has been reported to be infrequent in Taiwan. To further evaluate the role of δ‐infection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, serum samples of 493 subjects with acute and chronic HBV infections collected in 1976–85 were studied for anti‐δ by radioimmunoassay. Intrahepatic δ‐antigen was also studied by immunofluorescence in 12 anti‐δ‐positive patients. The overall prevalence of δ‐infection was 4.7%, consistent with previous studies. δ‐Infection had an even yearly distribution in the last decade. However, there were four groups with significantly higher frequencies: (i) 24% of 41 anti‐HBe‐positive patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH); (ii) 21% of 14 HBsAg carriers with prominent lobular hepatitis; (iii) two of three HBsAg carriers with intravenous drug abuse; and (iv) two of seven with fulminant hepatitis. On the other hand, δ‐infection was uncommon in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, classical type B hepatitis, submassive necrosis and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. δ‐Antigen was found in only two patients with CAH; one progressed to cirrhosis, and the other had disease regression on follow‐up. Overall, at least half of the δ‐superinfected HBsAg‐positive patients had a non‐progressive course on follow‐up.It was concluded that δ‐agent was introduced to Taiwan before 1976. Although it has played a role in some clinical settings of HBV infections, it is generally infrequent in Taiwan. The δ‐superinfection apparent in half the patien

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cerebral functions were studied in 22 unoperated patients with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), 23 patients with compensated non‐alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and 45 healthy controls. In each patient electroencephalography (EEG) and psychometric tests were performed. Neither EEG nor any psychometric test was abnormal in patients with NCPF, whereas in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, EEG was abnormal in 9%, the number connection in 35%, five point star construction in 13% and reverse counting test in 39%. These results suggest that subclinical hepatic encephalopathy is not common in non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis seen in

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Different doses of hepatitis B virus vaccine—prepared by Korea Green Cross Corporation, were given to healthy infants born to HBsAg‐negative mothers at birth, 1 and 6 months of age. A dose of 2 μg was administered intradermally in Group A and, in the three other groups, the vaccine was given intramuscularly (i.m.). An adequate follow‐up observation was possible for 9 months after birth in 22, 25, 23 and 21 infants in Groups A, B, C and D, respecvely.Group C (5 μg, i.m.) produced seroconversion most rapidly, showing the highest rate (96%) at 9 months of age. The lowest seroconversion rate (5%) was found at the age of 1 month in Group A subjects, but the rate increased to 91% after a booster dose was given at 6 months of age.While it can be concluded that a 5 μg i.m. dose of vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months of age is optimum for the immunization of infants in efficacy and economy, a 2 μg intradermal dose can also be considered as an immunogenic and economical regimen, though the immune response is slower and a special technique is required for imm

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

T cells are effectively stimulated byDR‐antigens on the surface of autologous non‐T cells. This phenomenon, referred to as an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), is reported to be impaired in several auto‐immune diseases. In the present study, both AMLR and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (allo‐MLR) activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined from patients with auto‐immune chronic active hepatitis. AMLR activity in these patients was much lower than that of controls, while allo‐MLR activity of the same patients revealed no abnormality with regard to either stimulator or responder activities in comparison to controls. Furthermore, co‐culture experiments using cells from patients and their HLA‐identical siblings suggested that the defect resided in the responder T cells rather than in the stimula

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prolonged administration of a choline‐deficient diet to male rats results in the development of hepatic cirrhosis and alterations in oxidative drug metabolism. The present study was designed to assess whether the changes in drug metabolism were related to the development of cirrhosis or merely to the effects of choline‐deficiency on hepatic microsomal lipid composition. Male rats were given a synthetic choline‐deficient diet for either 1 week (short‐term) or 30 weeks (long‐term), and results at each time were compared with age‐matched control rats given the same diet but with supplementary choline.After both 1 week and 30 weeks of the choline‐deficient dietary regimen, the proportion of microsomal phospholipid present as phosphatidylcholine was significantly decreased, and that present as phosphatidylethanolamine was significantly increased, compared with appropriate controls. However, microsomal cholesterol content (per mg of microsomal protein) was not significantly changed at either time. Cytochrome P‐450 levels and the turnover of ethylmorphineN‐demethylase (enzyme activity/nmol cytochrome P‐450) were significantly reduced in the cirrhotic (30 week) model whereas short‐term intake of the diet did not alter the levels of cither enzyme. These findings suggest that the effects of changes in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels in choline‐deficiency cirrhosis have minimal importance with respect to changes in drug oxidation. Instead, altered regulation of specific cytochrome P‐450 isozymes appears to be the principal ca

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N‐formylated chemotactic peptides are produced by intestinal bacteria invitroand Can be detected in intestinal luminal fluids. The healthy intestine must have mechanisms for preventing absorption of such peptides which can induce an inflammatory response when introduced systemically. Synthetic formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (F‐met‐leu‐3H‐phe) has been used as a model bacterial chemotactic peptide to investigate intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides in the rat. Disappearance of tritium‐activity was rapid from jejunal and ileal loops and substantial hydrolysis of peptide occurred with only labelled metabolites appearing in portal blood. Less absorption and less metabolism occurred in the colon. Degradation ofF‐met‐leu‐phe was due to a mucosal carboxypeptidase and was inhibited by benzylsuccinate, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. In the presence of inhibitor, luminal disappearance from ileal loops was abolished andF‐met‐leu‐3H‐phe was not detected in portal blood indicating that healthy gut mucosa is ‘impermeable’ to intact peptide. The intestinal ‘barrier’ preventing mucosal penetration and the inflammatory effects of luminal bacterial peptides have two components: restricted mucosal permeability and a carboxypeptidase capable of hydrolysing such

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N‐formyl methionyl leucyl3H‐phenylalanine was used as a model bacterial chemotactic peptide to study the systemic metabolism and excretory pathways for such peptides in the rat. After intravenous bolus infusion, the peptide was rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation with a mean of 22% of the dose being excreted in bile over 2 h. In bile, 53% of radioactivity existed as intact peptide, the remainder was its degradation product,3H‐phenylalanine. No intact peptide was detected in urine. While previous studies have shown no significant absorption of F‐met‐leu‐phe from normal rat intestine, in the current studies ileal loop infusions of F‐met‐leu‐phe in hyperosmolar solution, to increase gut permeability, resulted in absorption of intact peptide which was recovered in bile. These studies show that bile is a major pathway for excretion of bacterial chemotactic peptide in the rat and confirm the potential for an enterohepatic circulation of peptides from the gut lumen under conditions of increased intestinal muc

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine if the site of a duodenal ulcer influences its subsequent course. Three hundred and eighteen duodenal ulcer patients diagnosed by endoscopy in Sydney were studied. The ulcer was situated on the anterior wall of the bulb in 49% and the posterior wall of the bulb in 23%. These patients were followed up until symptoms recurred or for 1–2 years. The risk of symptom recurrence was unaffected by the site of the index ulcer, occurring in 129 of 157 patients with anterior wall ulcer (82%), 56 of 72 patients with posterior wall ulcers (78%), and 27 of 32 patients with anterior and posterior wall ulcers (84%). Sixty‐four patients were endoscoped within 1 month of recurrence of ulcer‐like symptoms and active ulcer craters were demonstrated in 49

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attempts have been made to culture the mucosa from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, using an explant culture method, epithelial cells have been successfully cultured from all major regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The success rate, as judged by outgrowth of epithelial cells for at least 4 weeks, varied with the tissue studied with 19/50 colonic biopsies, 5/11 small intestinal biopsies, 9/12 stomach biopsies and 42/47 gallbladder biopsies yielding outgrowth of epithelial cells. Differentiation of the epithelial cells along the mucus cell pathway could be demonstrated on the monolayer cultures using Periodic acid Schiff or Alcian blue staining. Because the cultures were very heterogeneous and many morphological cell types were present in most cultures, differentiation along the other known differentiation pathways of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as development of absorptive cells and endocrine cells, could not be excluded.The problem of bacterial contamination, which has hindered previous studies on tissue from these sites, was overcome by decontaminating the biopsy by soaking in dilute sodium hypochlorite (0.04%).

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY