摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the virologic profiles and pathologic features in 10 infants with fulminant hepatitis and aged 2–7 months. Nine male infants were related to hepatitis B virus infection: as evidenced by positive anti‐HBc IgM (4 cases); positive serum HBsAg, and/or liver HBcAg (4 cases); or born to an HBsAg carrier mother (1 case). Only one female infant had presumed non‐A non‐B fulminant hepatitis, but none had hepatitis A. The mothers of eight infants with HBV‐ralated fulminant hepatitis were all positive for serum HBsAg, and most (5/6) were negative for HBeAg but positive for anti‐HBe. These findings suggest that infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers, particularly those who are negative for HBeAg, may contract fulminant hepatitis B in infancy in Taiwan. Six infants studied had massive hepatic necrosis and all died, whereas four had submassive or bridging hepatic necrosis and all survived, suggesting a close correlation between the extent of liver necrosis and the patient's outcome. None of the infants had hepatocyte HBsAg, although four had cytoplasmic HBcAg. Anti‐HBc IgM was commonly detected (4/6), in sharp contrast to the constant negativity in infants who had contracted an asymptomatic HBV infection. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic HBcAg and anti‐HBc IgM may be related to the occurrence of sever

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThein vitronatural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was assessed in 13 patients with genetic haemochromatosis (HC) and 27 normal subjects, using a51Cr‐release cytotoxicity assay against the target K‐562 leukaemic cell line. Mean NK function did not differ between these two groups. This conclusion differs from the reported deficit in NK activity in other diseases in which increased iron stores may occur, including alcoholic cirrhosis and β‐thalassaemia major.The effect of ferric citrate (0.1–1.0 mmol/1), normal human liver ferritin (100–10 000 μg/1) and transferrin (2 g/1) on NK activity was also assessed for both groups. In neither group was NK activity affected by any of these additives.These results suggest that peripheral blood NK function is not compromised in haemochromatosis, and that the diminished NK activity which has previously been reported in some patients with thalassaemia or alcoholic cirrhosis is due to factors other than to a direct effect of increased

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntrahepatic expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was investigated in 46 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers by a direct immuno‐fluorescent method. In 21 HBeAg positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed diffusely on the membrane of hepatocytes, with associated cytoplasmic localization in a few scattered hepato‐cytes. HBcAg was expressed in the nucleus of many hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of a few scattered hepatocytes, but not on the cell membrane. In 25 anti‐HBe positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed on the surface and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes diffusely and/or focally, but neither intrahepatic HBcAg nor serum HBV‐DNA was detected. Repeat liver biopsies were performed in 17 patients. In eight of 13 HBeAg‐positive HBsAg carriers, who developed histologically proven chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the localization of HBsAg in liver had changed from a membranous to a mixed (membrane and cytoplasm) pattern, and localization of HBcAg in liver had changed from a predominantly nuclear to a predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic pattern. However, in two HBeAg and two anti‐HBe positive cases who showed no biochemical and histologic change at follow‐up, the intrahepatic expressions of HBsAg and HBcAg in the second biopsies remained unchanged. Thus, decrease in membranous expression of HBsAg and increase in membranous and cytoplasmic expression of HBcAg were associated with progression to chronic liver disease. This suggests that membranous HBcAg may represent the major target in the process of injury t

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimultaneous determination of serum levels of specific γ‐glutamyltransferase isoenzyme II (GGTII) and alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme I (ALPI), α1‐antitrypsin (αAT) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out in 101 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 60 with liver cirrhosis, 66 with chronic hepatitis, 14 with benign space occupying lesion of the liver and 100 normal subjects. The positivity rates for GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP in patients with PLC were 85.1%, 24.8%, 75.1% and 76.2% respectively; significantly higher than those in the other patients and normal subjects. In the PLC group, the positivity rates for combined determination of AFP and GGTII or α1AT were 93.1% and 92.1% respectively, significantly higher than single determination of AFP. The results of simultaneous determination of GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP in the area of PLC patients showed that the sensitivity of at least one positive marker was as high as 98% and the specificity of at least two positive markers was 94.3%. Of PLC patients with AFP ≤ 50 ng/ml; ≤ 200 ng/ml and ≤ 400 ng/ml, 91.7%, 93.8% and 90.5% respectively, were diagnosed with combined determination of GGTII, ALPI and α1AT. Thus, simultaneous determination of GGTII, ALPI, α1AT and AFP is useful in the diagnosis of PLC, especially PLC with negative AFP or sl

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) was investigated in patients with hepatic fibrosis of chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. PMNC from these patients released more fibroblast proliferating factor (FPF) in the conditioned medium than those PMNC from normal subjects in response to PHA stimulation. Production of FPF by PMNC from CAH patients was also observed in response to liver specific protein (LSP) which might act as a naturally occurring antigenin vivo.Analysis of FPF on gel permeation chromatography revealed two active components with molecular weight of 60000 (FPF‐1) and 18000 (FPF‐II). Both FPF‐I and FPF‐II exerted thymocyte proliferating activity, but not cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL) proliferating activity, indicating that they are closely related to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1).Isoelectrofocusing of FPF‐I and FPF‐II disclosed that each factor consisted of two peaks at similar pI: 5.3 and 7.0. Taking account of the fact the IL‐1 consisted of two molecular forms of pI—5.4 (IL‐1α) and 7.0 (IL‐1β)—FPF‐II is considered to be IL‐1, which is a mixture of IL‐1α and IL‐1β, and FPF‐I is probably the aggregated form of FPF‐II.This assumption was further supported by the evidence that macrophages, which are the major source of IL‐1 in patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, also released significantly higher amounts of FPF than those from normal subjects in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. It was therefore concluded that in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, production of an IL‐1, or a factor similar to IL‐1, by

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in renal transplant recipients, 16 recipients who remained chronic HBsAg carriers were followed for 2–15 years by assaying hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV DNA). The results were compared with sequential liver biochemistry and histology. Similarly, nine HBsAg‐negative renal transplant patients were studied for up to 10 years. It was found that different patterns of HBV replication were described in a majority of long‐term HBsAg‐positive renal transplant patients with intermittent virus replication being particularly common. A minority of patients with viral replication showed co‐existing elevated transaminases. Development of liver disease was more common among HBsAg‐positive patients, but when the various patterns of infection were correlated with long‐term outcome, no one pattern was clearly more predictive of an ad

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection and duck liver diseases was analysed by spot and gel blot hybridization in sera and liver tissues. One hundred and forty ducks were obtained from Qitong county in China. The DHBV‐infected rate was 65.7% and the incidence of duck liver diseases was 70%. The state of DHBV DNA was free in the hepatocytes. The detection rate of DHBV DNA in liver was higher than in serum. The results showed that Qitong duck liver diseases are closely correlated to DHBV infection. The incidence of Qitong duck liver diseases and the DHBV infection rate were different in various species of ducks. Qitong ducks have several hepatic pathological changes as seen in human beings. Therefore, Qitong ducks are most appropriate as an experimental model for human HBV infectio

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence and duration of lactose malabsorption was studied in 64 Central Australian Aboriginal children requiring hospitalization for acute enteritis. Lactose malabsorption was determined by the breath‐hydrogen test. Sixty‐nine per cent were shown to malabsorb lactose, a figure similar to that for well nourished urban European children, hospitalized for acute enteritis. Whereas 90 per cent of the European children became lactose‐tolerant 1 month later, only three of 32 aboriginal children were lactose‐tolerant after 3 months. Lactose malabsorption was also associated with more frequent hospitalizations in affected children.Coronavirus‐like particles were the commonest agent isolated from Aboriginal children. The majority of the Aboriginal children were malnourished (<80% standard weight for age) which may have been contributed to by their lactose malabsorption and explain why this failed to recover in the same way as European children. The possibility of lactose malabsorption must be taken into consideration when managing Aboriginal children with acute diarrhoeal disease and undernutrition. The use of the breath‐hydrogen test allows an accurate diagnosis of lactose malabsorption to be made in Aboriginal children with diarrhoea so that appropriate dietary management can be

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐eight cases of pancreatic mass lesions investigated by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are reported. Biopsies were performed either at laparotomy or percutaneously using ultrasound or computer to mography scanning as a guide. Twenty‐seven biopsies were reported as consistent with or highly suspicious of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; five with metastatic carcinoma, one with lymphoma and two with islet cell tumours. Nineteen patients had negative biopsies. The false‐negative rate was 11% and four biopsies were unsatisfactory. There were no false‐positive diagnoses. FNAB is an effective way to obtain cytological confirmation of a pancreatic mass

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom September to December 1986, 30 cases of persistent upper gastrointestinal bleeding were collected and treated, via the endoscope, with a heat probe. All cases had either gastric or duodenal ulcers. Ten cases were in shock. After treatment, all bleeding episodes initially stopped, but six cases (20%) re‐bled. Five cases received repeat heat probe therapy and did not re‐bleed thereafter. Thus the ultimate success rate was 96.7% (29/30). Twenty of 21 ulcers (94.3%) were found to be healed with scars 2 months after therapy. During therapy and the follow‐up period, only one complication occurred and this was a mild aspiration pneumonia. The heat probe is an ideal haemostatic device for severe non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal b

ISSN:0815-9319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1988.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY