摘要:

Nearly 500 physicians responded to a survey that inquired whether their practice settings meet or are expected to meet each of the 11 clinical objectives for child and adolescent health care set forth in Healthy People 2000 (Department of Health and Human Services, 1991). Although the objectives entitled Nutrition and Child Referral were acknowledged as having already been met in the majority of respondents' practices, the objective Adoption was least likely to have been met. With regard to the achievement of all 11 objectives by the year 2000, the majority of respondents reported that their practices will meet the clinical objectives by that time. Some differences in compliance were determined based on length of time, type, and location of practice.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2501_1

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Injury accidents, which are the leading cause of death for children over 1 year of age, are often preventable. In addition, many health problems of childhood and adulthood are considered alterable if intervention is started early. These two factors have made health and safety promotion key issues for the national health agenda. Knowledge about health and safety is gained throughout childhood, yet little is known about the content and sequence of learning that takes place during the preschool years. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an instrument that assesses health and safety knowledge using a picture format. The instrument was used with 206 children ages 36 to 71 months. The findings suggested that young children rapidly gain health and safety knowledge and that the preschool years are an important time for nurses and other health care professionals to incorporate health-promoting behaviors into children's lifestyles.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2501_2

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Forty-eight parents of children with HIV infection (n = 31) and uninfected perinatal HIV exposure (n = 17) completed standardized measures and semistructured interviews to assess the coping behaviors they use to mediate the impact of HIV infection on the family system. Coping behaviors that focus on strengthening family life and relationships and developing and maintaining a positive outlook on life were most often reported as helpful by parents in both groups. No differences were found between the groups on measures of parental coping. The family integration, cooperation and optimistic view of situation coping pattern was significantly related to personal impact, familial and social impact, coping impact, and caregiver burdens impact. Coping behaviors directed at understanding the medical situation were significantly related to caregiver burdens impact. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2501_3

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examined differences in social functioning, peer relations, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors between youths (ages 4–8) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and demographically matched healthy peers using parent-, teacher-, and youth-report versions of the Child Behavior Checklist and Missouri Peer Relations Inventory. Youths with SCD were reported by themselves to have more social and externalizing problems compared to healthy peers. Moreover, a significantly greater percentage of youths with SCD had borderline and clinical levels of social, internalizing, and externalizing problems relative to the healthy comparison group, Illness severity variables were not associated with any of the dependent measures. Overall, although the social functioning of youths with SCD is perceived by parents and teachers to be adequate, adolescents with SCD view themselves as having more.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2501_4

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examined empathic responding in children with a chronic illness. It was proposed that increased exposure to opportunities for empathic responding (e.g., with ill peers, in hospitals, clinics, etc.) would lead to more sophisticated empathy in such children as compared with healthy peers. Fifty-four children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 54 healthy control participants were shown films depicting children in different life situations. Interview responses were rated according to a descriptive code developed for this study and according to the Empathy Continuum (Strayer, 1987). Chronically ill children provided qualitatively different and more sophisticated empathic responses than healthy peers. Limitations of this study are described along with implications for practice.

ISSN:0273-9615    

DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2501_5

出版商:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor